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生成器与 Iterator 对象的比较

生成器最主要的优点是简洁。和实现一个 Iterator 类相较而言, 同样的功能,用生成器可以编写更少的代码,可读性也更强。 举例,下面的类和函数是相等的:

<?php
function getLinesFromFile($fileName) {
if (!
$fileHandle = fopen($fileName, 'r')) {
return;
}

while (
false !== $line = fgets($fileHandle)) {
yield
$line;
}

fclose($fileHandle);
}

// 比较下...

class LineIterator implements Iterator {
protected
$fileHandle;

protected
$line;
protected
$i;

public function
__construct($fileName) {
if (!
$this->fileHandle = fopen($fileName, 'r')) {
throw new
RuntimeException('Couldn\'t open file "' . $fileName . '"');
}
}

public function
rewind() {
fseek($this->fileHandle, 0);
$this->line = fgets($this->fileHandle);
$this->i = 0;
}

public function
valid() {
return
false !== $this->line;
}

public function
current() {
return
$this->line;
}

public function
key() {
return
$this->i;
}

public function
next() {
if (
false !== $this->line) {
$this->line = fgets($this->fileHandle);
$this->i++;
}
}

public function
__destruct() {
fclose($this->fileHandle);
}
}
?>

不过,这也付出了灵活性的代价: 生成器是一个只能向前的迭代器,一旦开始遍历就无法后退。 意思也就是说,同样的生成器无法遍历多次:要么再次调用生成器函数,重新生成后再遍历。

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用户贡献的备注 2 notes

up
107
mNOSPAMsenghaa at nospam dot gmail dot com
11 years ago
This hardly seems a fair comparison between the two examples, size-for-size. As noted, generators are forward-only, meaning that it should be compared to an iterator with a dummy rewind function defined. Also, to be fair, since the iterator throws an exception, shouldn't the generator example also throw the same exception? The code comparison would become more like this:

<?php
function getLinesFromFile($fileName) {
if (!
$fileHandle = fopen($fileName, 'r')) {
throw new
RuntimeException('Couldn\'t open file "' . $fileName . '"');
}

while (
false !== $line = fgets($fileHandle)) {
yield
$line;
}

fclose($fileHandle);
}

// versus...

class LineIterator implements Iterator {
protected
$fileHandle;

protected
$line;
protected
$i;

public function
__construct($fileName) {
if (!
$this->fileHandle = fopen($fileName, 'r')) {
throw new
RuntimeException('Couldn\'t open file "' . $fileName . '"');
}
}

public function
rewind() { }

public function
valid() {
return
false !== $this->line;
}

public function
current() {
return
$this->line;
}

public function
key() {
return
$this->i;
}

public function
next() {
if (
false !== $this->line) {
$this->line = fgets($this->fileHandle);
$this->i++;
}
}

public function
__destruct() {
fclose($this->fileHandle);
}
}
?>

The generator is still obviously much shorter, but this seems a more reasonable comparison.
up
23
sergeyzsg at yandex dot ru
10 years ago
I think that this is bad generator example.
If user will not consume all lines then file will not be closed.

<?php
function getLinesFromFile($fileHandle) {
while (
false !== $line = fgets($fileHandle)) {
yield
$line;
}
}

if (
$fileHandle = fopen($fileName, 'r')) {
/*
something with getLinesFromFile
*/
fclose($fileHandle);
}
?>
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