imap_thread

(PHP 4 >= 4.0.7, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

imap_thread — Returns a tree of threaded message

Description

imap_thread(IMAP\Connection $imap, int $flags = SE_FREE): array|false

Gets a tree of a threaded message.

Parameters

imap: An IMAP\Connection instance.
flags

Return Values

imap_thread() returns an associative array containing a tree of messages threaded by REFERENCES, or false on error.

Every message in the current mailbox will be represented by three entries in the resulting array:

$thread["XX.num"] - current message number
$thread["XX.next"]
$thread["XX.branch"]

Changelog

Version	Description
8.1.0	The `imap` parameter expects an IMAP\Connection instance now; previously, a valid `imap` resource was expected.

Examples

Example #1 imap_thread() Example

<?php

// Here we're outputting the threads of a newsgroup, in HTML

$nntp = imap_open('{news.example.com:119/nntp}some.newsgroup', '', '');
$threads = imap_thread($nntp);

foreach ($threads as $key => $val) {
  $tree = explode('.', $key);
  if ($tree[1] == 'num') {
    $header = imap_headerinfo($nntp, $val);
    echo "<ul>\n\t<li>" . $header->fromaddress . "\n";
  } elseif ($tree[1] == 'branch') {
    echo "\t</li>\n</ul>\n";
  }
}

imap_close($nntp);

?>

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User Contributed Notes 5 notes

down

cblanquera at gmail dot com ¶

13 years ago

imap_thread() returns threads, but are confined to the current open mailbox you defined in imap_open(). This is not useful for, lets say, getting full threads ( from "Sent Messages" and "Inbox" [took me a day to figure this out]). 



If you compare threads on Outlook vs gmail.com you will find that Outlook determines threads by subject title, not actual parent > child relationships. 



Gmail however, seems to get threads right, but does not include mail you send using their web interface in  {imap.google.com:993/imap/ssl}Sent Messages . What this means is that threads using php imap won't be perfect for gmail.



If you send mail using Outlook (or any mail client), gmail.com does put it in their "Sent Mail".



So all in all, threads for PHP imap are not perfect. But I blame the imap specifications (DEAR IMAP GUYS, please add better uids and parent ids. thx Chris) more than PHP



So I created the Outlook method for threading (comparing subjects) below:



<?php 

$imap         = imap_open('{imap.gmail.com:993/imap/ssl}INBOX', 'youremail@gmail.com', 'yourpassword');

$subject     = 'Item b';

$threads     = array();



//remove re: and fwd:

$subject = trim(preg_replace("/Re\:|re\:|RE\:|Fwd\:|fwd\:|FWD\:/i", '', $subject));



//search for subject in current mailbox

$results = imap_search($imap, 'SUBJECT "'.$subject.'"', SE_UID);



//because results can be false

if(is_array($results)) {

    //now get all the emails details that were found 

    $emails = imap_fetch_overview($imap, implode(',', $results), FT_UID);

    

    //foreach email 

    foreach ($emails as $email) {

        //add to threads

        //we date date as the key because later we will sort it

        $threads[strtotime($email->date)] = $email;

    }    

}



//now reopen sent messages

imap_reopen($imap, '{imap.gmail.com:993/imap/ssl}Sent Messages');



//and do the same thing



//search for subject in current mailbox

$results = imap_search($imap, 'SUBJECT "'.$subject.'"', SE_UID);



//because results can be false

if(is_array($results)) {

    //now get all the emails details that were found 

    $emails = imap_fetch_overview($imap, implode(',', $results), FT_UID);

    

    //foreach email 

    foreach ($emails as $email) {

        //add to threads

        //we date date as the key because later we will sort it

        $threads[strtotime($email->date)] = $email;

    }    

}



//sort keys so we get threads in chronological order 

ksort($threads);



echo '<pre>'.print_r($threads, true).'</pre>';

exit;

?>



so if you are going to use imap_thread() for something useful. This is probably the most optimal way I can think of:



<?php 

$imap = imap_open('{imap.gmail.com:993/imap/ssl}INBOX', 'youremail@gmail.com', 'password');

$threads = $rootValues = array();



$thread = imap_thread($imap);

$root = 0;



//first we find the root (or parent) value for each email in the thread

//we ignore emails that have no root value except those that are infact

//the root of a thread



//we want to gather the message IDs in a way where we can get the details of

//all emails on one call rather than individual calls ( for performance )



//foreach thread

foreach ($thread as $i => $messageId) {

    //get sequence and type

    list($sequence, $type) = explode('.', $i);

    

    //if type is not num or messageId is 0 or (start of a new thread and no next) or is already set 

    if($type != 'num' || $messageId == 0 

       || ($root == 0 && $thread[$sequence.'.next'] == 0)

       || isset($rootValues[$messageId])) {

        //ignore it

        continue;

    }

    

    //if this is the start of a new thread

    if($root == 0) {

        //set root

        $root = $messageId;

    }

    

    //at this point this will be part of a thread

    //let's remember the root for this email

    $rootValues[$messageId] = $root;

    

    //if there is no next

    if($thread[$sequence.'.next'] == 0) {

        //reset root

        $root = 0;

    }

}



//now get all the emails details in rootValues in one call

//because one call for 1000 rows to a server is better 

//than calling the server 1000 times  

$emails = imap_fetch_overview($imap, implode(',', array_keys($rootValues)));



//foreach email 

foreach ($emails as $email) {

    //get root

    $root = $rootValues[$email->msgno];

    

    //add to threads

    $threads[$root][] = $email;

}    



//there is no need to sort, the threads will automagically in chronological order

echo '<pre>'.print_r($threads, true).'</pre>';

imap_close($imap);

exit;

?>

down

whamill at google mail ¶

14 years ago

I figure other people may benefit from an explanation of the resulting array, My understanding is:

Key: Essentially a node ID
Num: The mail ID (where 0 indicates the start of a conversation)
Next: The node ID of the first child (where 0 indicates there are no children)
Branch: The node ID of the next sibling (where 0 indicates there is no sibling)

down

p2 at eduardoruiz dot es ¶

4 years ago

Fix
XX.num maybe 0, then stop

<?php
function FindThread(&$mailbox, $uid) {

    $mails = array();
    $thread = imap_thread($mailbox, SE_UID);

    $i = array_search($uid, $thread);
    while(($tree = explode('.', $i)) && ($j = array_search($tree[0], $thread)) &&
        ($treej = explode('.', $j)) && $treej[0] && ($k = array_search($treej[0], $thread)) && ($treek = explode('.', $k)) &&
        $thread[$treej[0] . '.num'] && $thread[$treek[0] . '.num'] &&
        ($thread[$treej[0] . '.next'] != 0 || $thread[$treek[0] . '.next'] != 0))
            $i = $j;

    $mails = FindThreadAll($thread, $tree[0]);

    return $mails;
}
?>

Eduardo Ruiz (Spain)

down

-1

p2 at eduardoruiz dot es ¶

4 years ago

Get all UIDs of a single thread (not the whole all messages threads).
If you want to list just a conversation thread.

First, we must find the root element, using an UID included in these conversation in whatever message.

Then recursivelly we list all UIDs messages in an array.

<?php
// Function returns empty array if message is not in a thread
// You must indicate $mailbox returned by imap_open and a message UID listed in that thread conversation
// First root element is found when parent and previous parent are both with 'XX.next' elements equal to 0

function FindThread($mailbox, $uid) {

    $mails = array();
    $thread = imap_thread($mailbox, SE_UID);

    $i = array_search($uid, $thread);
    while(($tree = explode('.', $i)) && ($j = array_search($tree[0], $thread)) &&
        ($treej = explode('.', $j)) && $treej[0] && ($k = array_search($treej[0], $thread)) && ($treek = explode('.', $k)) &&
        ($thread[$treej[0] . '.next'] != 0 || $thread[$treek[0] . '.next'] != 0))
            $i = $j;

    $mails = FindThreadAll($thread, $tree[0]);

    return $mails;
}

// Walk messages in 2 ways, using 'XX.branch' and recursivelly 'XX.next' for sibiling and children messages
// Stop when in first iteration(call) there is no 'XX.next' element

function FindThreadAll(&$thread, $i, $n = 0) {

    $mails = array();
    while($i) {

        if(!($j = $thread[$i . '.next']) && !$n)
            break;

        $mails[] = $thread[$i . '.num'];
        if($j)
            $mails = array_merge($mails, FindThreadAll($thread, $j, $n + 1));

        $i = $thread[$i . '.branch'];
    }

    return $mails;
}

if(($mails = FindThread(64851))) // Example UID message
    print_r(imap_fetch_overview($mailbox, implode(',', $mails), SE_UID));
?>

Eduardo Ruiz (Spain)

down

mail at moritz-lapp dot de ¶

20 years ago

One possible option to imap_thread is the constant SE_UID, which will make imap_thread return UIDs instead of sequence numbers in the x.num-fields of the returned array.

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