PHP: Funciones variables

Funciones variables

PHP admite el concepto de funciones variables. Esto significa que si un nombre de variable tiene paréntesis anexos a él, PHP buscará una función con el mismo nombre que lo evaluado por la variable, e intentará ejecutarla. Entre otras cosas, esto se puede usar para implementar llamadas de retorno, tablas de funciones, y así sucesivamente.

Las funciones variables no funcionarán con constructores de lenguaje como echo, print, unset(), isset(), empty(), include, require y similares. Utilice funciones de envoltura para hacer uso de cualquiera de estos constructores como funciones variables.

Ejemplo #1 Ejemplo de función variable

<?php
function foo() {
    echo "En foo()<br />\n";
}

function bar($arg = '')
{
    echo "En bar(); el argumento era '$arg'.<br />\n";
}

// Esta es una función de envoltura alrededor de echo
function hacerecho($cadena)
{
    echo $cadena;
}

$func = 'foo';
$func();        // Esto llama a foo()

$func = 'bar';
$func('prueba');  // Esto llama a bar()

$func = 'hacerecho';
$func('prueba');  // Esto llama a hacerecho()
?>

Los métodos de objetos también puede ser llamados con la sintaxis de funciones variables.

Ejemplo #2 Ejemplo de método variable

<?php
class Foo
{
    function Variable()
    {
        $nombre = 'Bar';
        $this->$nombre(); // Esto llama al método Bar()
    }

    function Bar()
    {
        echo "Esto es Bar";
    }
}

$foo = new Foo();
$nombrefunc = "Variable";
$foo->$nombrefunc();  // Esto llama a $foo->Variable()

?>

Cuando se llaman a métodos estáticos, la llamada a la función es más fuerte que el operador de propiedad estática:

Ejemplo #3 Ejemplo de método variable con propiedades estáticas

<?php
class Foo
{
    static $variable = 'propiedad estática';
    static function Variable()
    {
        echo 'Método Variable llamado';
    }
}

echo Foo::$variable; // Esto imprime 'propiedad estática'. No necesita una $variable en este ámbito.
$variable = "Variable";
Foo::$variable();  // Esto llama a $foo->Variable() leyendo $variable en este ámbito.

?>

A partir de PHP 5.4.0, se puede llamar a cualquier callable almacenado en una variable.

Ejemplo #4 Llamables complejos

<?php
class Foo
{
    static function bar()
    {
        echo "bar\n";
    }
    function baz()
    {
        echo "baz\n";
    }
}

$func = array("Foo", "bar");
$func(); // imprime "bar"
$func = array(new Foo, "baz");
$func(); // imprime "baz"
$func = "Foo::bar";
$func(); // imprime "bar" a partrid de PHP 7.0.0; antes, emitía un error fatal
?>

Véase también is_callable(), call_user_func(), variables variables y function_exists().

Historial de cambios

Versión	Descripción
7.0.0	'NombreDeClase::NombreDeMétodo' se permite como función variable.
5.4.0	Los arrays, que son llamables válidos, están permitidos como funciones variables.

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User Contributed Notes 3 notes

down

niemans at pbsolo dot nl ¶

5 years ago

While the documentation suggests that the use of a constant is similar to the use of a variable, there is an exception regarding variable functions. You cannot use a constant as the function name to call a variable function.

const DEBUGME ='func';
function func($s) { echo $s. "\n"; }

DEBUGME('abc');  // results in a syntax error

$call = DEBUGME;
$call('abc');          // does the job

But you can use a constant as an argument to a function. Here's a simple workaround when you need to call a variable constant function: 

function dynamic($what, $with)
   {
     $what($with);
   }
dynamic(DEBUGME, 'abc'); 

This makes sense to me to hide API's and/or long (complicated) static calls.
Enjoy!

down

rnealxp at yahoo dot com ¶

4 years ago

<?php
/*
You might have found yourself at this php variable functions page because, like me, you wanted to pass functions
around like objects to client objects as you can in JavaScript. The issue I ran into was although
I could call a function using a variable like this " $v(); "...I could not do it like this " $obj->p() " where
'p' is a property containing the name of the method to call. Did not want to save my property off to a variable prior
to making my call: " $v = $obj->p; $v(); "; even if one finds a way, the below applies...

I credit this expanded work to this person: tatarynowicz at gmail dot com;
without them I would not have gotten here.
*/
interface iface_dynamic_members{
    //Use of this interface enables type-hinting for objects that implement it.
    public function __call($name, $args);
    public function __set($name, $value);
    public function quietly_fail():bool;
}
trait trait_has_dynamic_members{
    //Implementing these magic methods in the form of a trait, frees the client object up
    //so it can still inherit from a parent-class.
    public function __call($name, $args) {
        if (is_callable($this->$name)) {
            return call_user_func($this->$name, $args);
        }
        else {
            //Your dynamic-membered object can declare itself as willing to ignore non-existent method calls or not.
            if($this->quietly_fail()===true){
                echo 'Method does not exist, but I do not mind.';
            }else{
                echo 'Method does not exist, I consider this a bug.';
            }
        }
    }
    public function __set($name, $value) {
        $this->$name = is_callable($value) ? $value->bindTo($this, $this): $value; //Assignment using ternary operator.
    }
}
abstract class MBR_ATTR{
    //A class full of attributes that objects can take on; abstract since not to be instantiated (If I could make it "final" as well, I would).
    public static function is_a_walker(iface_dynamic_members $obj, ?string $walker_type='normal pace'){
        $obj->walker_type = $walker_type;
        $obj->walker_walk = function() {
            return "I am walking {$this->walker_type}.";
        };
    }
    public static function is_a_runner(iface_dynamic_members $obj, string $runner_type){
        $obj->runner_type = $runner_type;
        $obj->runner_run = function() {
            return "I am running {$this->runner_type}.";
        };
        self::is_a_walker($obj); //If can run, also can walk.
    }
}
class cls_partly_dynamic implements iface_dynamic_members{
    use trait_has_dynamic_members;
    public function quietly_fail():bool{
        return true;
    }
}
// Report all errors except E_NOTICE
error_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE); //Enable all error-reporting except notices.
//----
//config runner object...
$obj_runner = new cls_partly_dynamic();
MBR_ATTR::is_a_runner($obj_runner, 'fast');
$obj_runner->runner_type = 'a bit slow';
//----
//config walker object...
$obj_walker = new cls_partly_dynamic();
MBR_ATTR::is_a_walker($obj_walker, 'slow');
$obj_walker->walker_type = 'super fast';
//----
//Do stuff...
echo 'walker in action...' . '<br>';
echo $obj_walker->walker_walk() . '<br>';
echo '<br>';
echo 'runner in action...' . '<br>';
echo $obj_runner->walker_walk() . '<br>';
echo $obj_runner->runner_run() . '<br>';
echo $obj_runner->xxx() . '<br>'; //Try calling a non-existent method.
//I would agree that the above approach/technique is not always ideal, particulary due to the loss of code-completion in your
//IDE of choice; I would tend to use this approach for dynamic-programming in response to the user dictating processing steps via a UI.
?>

down

Anonymous ¶

13 years ago

$ wget http://www.php.net/get/php_manual_en.tar.gz/from/a/mirror
$ grep -l "\$\.\.\." php-chunked-xhtml/function.*.html

List of functions that accept variable arguments.
<?php
array_diff_assoc()
array_diff_key()
array_diff_uassoc()
array()
array_intersect_ukey()
array_map()
array_merge()
array_merge_recursive()
array_multisort()
array_push()
array_replace()
array_replace_recursive()
array_unshift()
call_user_func()
call_user_method()
compact()
dba_open()
dba_popen()
echo()
forward_static_call()
fprintf()
fscanf()
httprequestpool_construct()
ibase_execute()
ibase_set_event_handler()
ibase_wait_event()
isset()
list()
maxdb_stmt_bind_param()
maxdb_stmt_bind_result()
mb_convert_variables()
newt_checkbox_tree_add_item()
newt_grid_h_close_stacked()
newt_grid_h_stacked()
newt_grid_v_close_stacked()
newt_grid_v_stacked()
newt_win_choice()
newt_win_entries()
newt_win_menu()
newt_win_message()
newt_win_ternary()
pack()
printf()
register_shutdown_function()
register_tick_function()
session_register()
setlocale()
sprintf()
sscanf()
unset()
var_dump()
w32api_deftype()
w32api_init_dtype()
w32api_invoke_function()
wddx_add_vars()
wddx_serialize_vars()
?>

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