PHP: Nginx 1.4.x en sistemas Unix

Nginx 1.4.x en sistemas Unix

Esta documentación cubre la instalación y configuración de PHP con PHP-FPM para un servidor HTTP de Nginx 1.4.x.

En esta guía se asume que se ha construido Nginx desde el código fuente, por lo que todos los ficheros binarios y de configuración están ubicados en /usr/local/nginx. Si este no es el caso y se ha obtenido Nginx a través de otros medios, consúltese la » Wiki de Nginx para traducir este manual a una configuración propia.

Esta guía cubre la configuración básica de un servidor Nginx para procesar aplicaciones de PHP y servirlas en el puerto 80. Se recomienda estudiar la documentación de Nginx y de PHP-FPM para poder optimizar la configuración más allá del ámbito de esta documentación.

Obsérvese que en esta documentación se han reemplazado los números de versión con una 'x' para asegurarse de que sea correcta en el futuro; se han de reemplazar estos con los números de versión correspondiente cuando sea necesario.

Se recomienda visitar la página de » instalación de la Wiki de Nginx para obtener e instalar Nginx en un sistema propio.
Obtener y desempaquetar el código fuente de PHP:
```
tar zxf php-x.x.x
```
Configurar y construir PHP. Aquí es donde se personaliza PHP con varias opciones, como qué extensiones se habilitarán. Ejecutar ./configure --help para enumerar las opciones disponibles. En este ejemplo se realiza una configuración sencilla con soporte para PHP-FPM y MySQL.
```
cd ../php-x.x.x
./configure --enable-fpm --with-mysql
make
sudo make install
```

Obtener y mover los ficheros de configuración a sus ubicaciones correctas

cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/php.ini
cp /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm /usr/local/bin

Es importante prevenir que Nginx pase peticiones al «backend» de PHP-FPM si el fichero no existe, evitando así la inyección arbitraria de scripts.

Esto se puede corregir estableciendo la directiva cgi.fix_pathinfo a 0 dentro del fichero php.ini.

Cargar el php.ini:
```
vim /usr/local/php/php.ini
```
Localizar cgi.fix_pathinfo= y modificarla como sigue:
```
cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
```
Se debe modificar php-fpm.conf para especificar que php-fpm debe ejecutarse como el usuario www-data y el grupo www-data antes de poder iniciar el servicio:
```
vim /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf
```
Buscar y modificar lo siguiente:
```
; Usuario/grupo de procesos de Unix
; Nota: El usuario es obligatorio. Si el grupo no se establece, se utilizará
;       el grupo predeterminado del usuario.
user = www-data
group = www-data
```
Ahora se puede iniciar el servicio de php-fpm:
```
/usr/local/bin/php-fpm
```
Esta guía no continua configurando php-fpm; si se tiene interés en una configuración mayor de php-fpm, consulte la documentación.

Ahora Nginx debe configurarse para que pueda procesar aplicaciones de PHP:

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

Modificar el bloque de ubicaciones predeterminado para que intente servir ficheros .php:

location / {
    root   html;
    index  index.php index.html index.htm;
}

El siguiente paso es asegurarse de que los ficheros .php se pasan al «backend» de PHP-FPM. Bajo el bloque de ubicaciones predeterminado de PHP comentado, añadir lo siguiente:

location ~* \.php$ {
    fastcgi_index   index.php;
    fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:9000;
    include         fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
}

Reiniciar Nginx.

sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

Crear un fichero de prueba

rm /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >> /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php

Ahora, navegar a http://localhost. phpinfo() debería mostrarse.

Siguiendo los pasos anteriores se tendrá un servidor web Nginx funcionando con soporte para PHP como módulo SAPI. Por supuesto, existen muchas más opciones de configuración disponibles para Nginx y PHP. Para más información, teclear ./configure --help en el árbol de código fuente correspondiente.

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User Contributed Notes 8 notes

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Lenny ¶

9 years ago

Building from source is not easy if something is a bit different, and I had a hard time with some directory and configuration options. I was floundering around the web until I found this site that translated from Chinese. No one else had the solution.  I couldn't get php fpm to start until I changed the directory (Item 2.ERROR: Unable to globalize). I had other issues listed but I was able to solve them. Please don't delete this, it is very useful info.The original site  (it is in Chinese, not my site, but I want to give credit):(there is some more there, you can goto the site)blog.dream1987.top/?paged=2Installation problems:1. configure: error:. Xml2-config not found Please check your libxml2 installation.solution:apt-get install libxml2-dev 2.Warning: Declaration of PEAR_Installer :: download () should be compatible with & PEAR_Downloader :: download ($ params) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib.phar/PEAR /Installer.php on line 43Warning: Declaration of PEAR_PackageFile_Parser_v2 :: parse () should be compatible with PEAR_XMLParser :: parse ($ data) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib.phar/PEAR/PackageFile/ Parser / v2.php on line 113 [PEAR] Archive_Tar - already installed: 1.3.13 [PEAR] Console_Getopt - already installed: 1.3.1 [PEAR] Structures_Graph- already installed: 1.0.4Warning: Declaration of PEAR_Task_Replace :: init () should be compatible with PEAR_Task_Common :: init ($ xml, $ fileAttributes, $ lastVersion) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib. phar / PEAR / Task / Replace.php on line 31 [PEAR] XML_Util - already installed: 1.2.3Warning: Declaration of PEAR_Task_Windowseol :: init () should be compatible with PEAR_Task_Common :: init ($ xml, $ fileAttributes, $ lastVersion) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib. phar / PEAR / Task / Windowseol.php on line 76Warning: Declaration of PEAR_Task_Unixeol :: init () should be compatible with PEAR_Task_Common :: init ($ xml, $ fileAttributes, $ lastVersion) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib. phar / PEAR / Task / Unixeol.php on line 76 [PEAR] PEAR - already installed: 1.9.5solution:Workaround not found (http://pear.php.net/bugs/bug.php?id=20554)3. Start php-fpm1.ERROR: failed to open configuration file '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf': No such file or directory (2) ERROR: failed to load configuration file '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf' ERROR: FPM initialization failedsolution:Php-fpm.conf copy files from the source file to that location.cp /root/php-7.0.0alpha1/sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf2.ERROR: Unable to globalize '/usr/local/NONE/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' (ret = 2) from /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 125. ERROR: failed to load configuration file '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf' ERROR: FPM initialization failedsolution:Edit /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf document introduced * .conf part, change to the correct path include = / usr / local / etc / php-fpm.d / *. ConfIf there is no /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d directory, create the directory.3.WARNING: Nothing matches the include pattern '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' from /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 125. ERROR:. No pool defined at least one pool section must be specified in config file ERROR: failed to post process the configuration ERROR: FPM initialization failedsolution:cp www.conf.default www.conf4.ERROR: [pool www] can not get gid for group 'nobody' ERROR: FPM initialization failedsolution:Www.conf open files, user and group users into nginx default settings, usually the default is www-data.

down

uanaoeng at outlook dot com ¶

6 years ago

When I run the following command to start the php-fpm:/usr/local/bin/php-fpmI got the following error information:Unable to globalize '/usr/local/NONE/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' (ret=2) from /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 143.To fix this error, do:change the string "include=NONE/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf" to "include=etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf" in the file "/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf" with text editor.After that, I try to start the php-fpm again and got error information again:Nothing matches the include pattern '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' from /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 143.To fix this error, do:cp /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

down

Leon Nguyen vnlab ¶

4 years ago

To maximize the server performance with highest speed, with fewest resources, i have decided to compile PHP 8 manually from minimal Linux/Unix-based OS (my Linux distro is rpm-based packages) My system has successfully powered up by PHP 8.0.9 - with Opcache/JIT enabled & other several PHP extension module. Here is several experience that may save you several hours of research.1. Before step (3) - Configure and build PHP - to ensure that no errors occurs, you can refer to my prerequisites library. sudo dnf install \gcc gcc-c++ make cmake autoconfig \zlib zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel \libxml2-devel libxslt-devel \bzip2-devel curl-devel libzip-devel\sqlite-devel \systemd-devel \openssl-devel \libffi-devel \libpng libpng-devel libwebp libwebp-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libXpm libXpm-devel \freetype-devel \gmp-devel \libldb-devel \libc-client libc-client-devel \openldap openldap-devel \oniguruma oniguruma-devel \net-snmp-devel readline-devel unixODBC-devel \uw-imap uw-imap-devel uw-imap-static uw-imap-utils \libicu-devel \enchant2 enchant2-devel \gd gd-devel \libsodium libsodium-devel \libtidy libtidy-develYou may not receive error when issuing ./configure, make && make install. Even when you manually build your PHP extension package later. 2. At step 5 - before modifying php.ini - you may double-check whether the current PHP is reading which php.ini file by this commandphp -ini | grep php.ini # My result. It is different from tutorial. Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/libLoaded Configuration File => /usr/local/lib/php.ini

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timy.shark ¶

3 years ago

Great effort for this tutorial, thanks a ton, here are my notes if may help anyone, considering default install on WSL2 containerNote: composer added for Laravel framework.These are NOT to be copy and pasted as it is, need to be selective as there are annotations beside some commands,Also I've commented # some of the defaults written by the original editor due to mismatch to my current environment.sha256sum  php-x.x.x.tar.gz => e847745fd66fc8c57fac993a609fefcded93fddccd225f0620a26bb5ae5753c3     tar zxf php-x.x.x    sudo apt install build-essential    sudo apt install -y composer nginx pkgconf libxml2-dev  libsqlite3-dev zlib1g-dev    cd php-x.x.x    ./configure --enable-fpm --with-mysqli <==Thank you for installing PHP.        make <== takes a while     sudo make test <== optional as recommended    sudo make install <= /usr/local/bin /usr/local/php    sudo cp php.ini-development /usr/local/lib/php.ini    sudo cp /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf    sudo cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm /usr/local/bin    sudo vim /usr/local/php/php.ini <= cgi.fix_pathinfo=0    sudo vim /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf <= user=www-data group=www-data    sudo vim sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf <= edit include=etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf  <- relative path    sudo cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf /usr/local/etc    /usr/local/bin/php -v <= $PATH$ uses /usr/local/bin at first /usr/local/lib/php.ini    sudo /usr/local/bin/php-fpm <= start the service    sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default <= edit the following under server {}    location / {    #root   html;        #index  index.php index.html index.htm;}    location ~* \.php$ {    #fastcgi_index   index.php;    fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:9000;    include         fastcgi_params;    fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;    fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;}        *Restart nginx (root /var/www/html) if root path doesn't exist, default is: /usr/share/nginx/html    sudo nginx -t <= Test Nginx conf files    sudo service nginx reload    sudo service nginx stop    sudo service nginx start <= [OK]    php-fpm needs to be in a service, or kill process manually ps -aux | grep php-fpm ; kill <pid>

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Akash Kumar Sharma ¶

9 years ago

If you get "File not found" error then add "root ROOT_DIR_LOCATION" directive to PHP location block i.e. "location ~* \.php$ { }" , where ROOT_DIR_LOCATION is root directory like "/usr/share/nginx/html" .

down

nguyentienlong88 at gmail dot com ¶

9 years ago

at step 3, after command "sudo make install"if there is problem with pear.php.net (https). Need to change this line (from https to http) in MakefilePEAR_INSTALLER_URL = http://pear.php.net/install-pear-nozlib.phar

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1097625354 at qq dot com ¶

6 years ago

cp php/php.ini-development        php/lib/php.inicp php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default       php/etc/php-fpm.confcp php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default     php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

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610010559 at qq dot com ¶

5 years ago

in linux system, if you want to add php-fpm service to system service;  it is easy to do that, because php offer the relate shell script:after make and make install;enter the source code package sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm ; type the code in the linux system.  cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm  /etc/init.d/php-fpmthen you can use "php-fpm {start|stop|force-quit|restart|reload|status|configtest} "  command  to control your php-fpm program more convenient .

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