mail

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

mail — Envoi de mail

Description

mail(
    string $to,
    string $subject,
    string $message,
    array|string $additional_headers = [],
    string $additional_params = ""
): bool

Envoie un mail.

Liste de paramètres

to

Le ou les destinataires du mail.

Le formatage de cette chaîne doit correspondre avec la » RFC 2822. Voici quelques exemples :

destinataire@example.com
destinataire@example.com, autre_destinataire@example.com
Destinataire
Destinataire , Autre destinataire

subject

Sujet du mail à envoyer.

Attention

Le sujet doit satisfaire à la » RFC 2047.

message

Message à envoyer.

Chaque ligne doit être séparée par un caractère CRLF (\r\n). Les lignes ne doivent pas comporter plus de 70 caractères.

Attention

(Windows uniquement) Lorsque PHP discute directement avec un serveur SMTP, si un point est trouvé en début de ligne, il sera supprimé. Pour éviter ce comportement, remplacez ces occurrences par un double point.

<?php
     $text = str_replace("\n.", "\n..", $text);
?>

additional_headers (optionnel)

String ou array à insérer à la fin des en-têtes du mail.

Ce paramètre est typiquement utilisé pour ajouter des en-têtes supplémentaires (From, Cc et Bcc). Les en-têtes supplémentaires doivent être séparés par un caractère CRLF (\r\n). Si des données externes sont utilisées pour composer cet en-tête, elles doivent être d'abord nettoyées afin de ne pas injecter des données non désirées dans les en-têtes.

Si un array est passé, ses clés sont les noms d'en-tête et ses valeurs sont les valeurs d'en-tête respectives.

Note:
Lors de l'envoi d'un mail, le mail doit contenir un en-tête From. Il peut être défini par le paramètre additional_headers, ou un par défaut peut être défini dans le php.ini.

Ne pas faire ceci causera un message d'erreur similaire à Warning: mail(): "sendmail_from" not set in php.ini or custom "From:" header missing. L'en-tête From définit également l'en-tête Return-Path lors de l'envoi direct via SMTP (Windows uniquement).

Note:
Si le message n'est pas reçu, essayez d'utiliser uniquement un caractère LF (\n). Quelques agents de transfert de mail Unix (par exemple » qmail) remplacent le caractère LF par le caractère CRLF automatiquement (ce qui revient à doubler le caractère CR si le caractère CRLF est utilisé). Ceci doit être un dernier recours car cela ne correspond pas à la » RFC 2822.

additional_params (optionnel)

Le paramètre additional_params peut être utilisé pour passer des drapeaux additionnels comme options à la ligne de commande configurée pour être utilisée pour envoyer les mails en utilisant le paramètre de configuration sendmail_path. Par exemple, ceci peut être utilisé pour définir l'adresse d'expéditeur de l'enveloppe lors de l'utilisation de sendmail avec l'option -f.

Ce paramètre est échappé par la fonction escapeshellcmd() en interne afin de prévenir l'exécution d'une commande. La fonction escapeshellcmd() empêche l'exécution d'une commande, mais autorise l'ajout de paramètres supplémentaires. Pour des raisons de sécurité, il est recommandé pour l'utilisateur de nettoyer ce paramètre afin d'éviter l'ajout de paramètres non désirés à la commande shell.

Depuis que la fonction escapeshellcmd() est appliquée automatiquement, quelques caractères autorisés dans les adresses emails par les RFCs d'internet ne peuvent plus être utilisés. La fonction mail() ne peut autoriser ces caractères, aussi, dans les programme où leur utilisation est nécessaire, vous devriez utiliser une méthode alternative pour l'envoi des emails (comme l'utilisation d'un framework ou d'une librairie.

L'utilisateur sous lequel tourne le serveur web doit être ajouté en tant qu'utilisateur de confiance dans la configuration de sendmail afin que l'en-tête X-Warning ne soit pas ajouté au message lorsque l'expéditeur de l'enveloppe (-f) est défini en utilisant cette méthode. Pour les utilisateurs de sendmail, ce fichier est /etc/mail/trusted-users.

Valeurs de retour

Retourne true si le mail a été accepté pour livraison, false sinon.

Il est important de noter que ce n'est pas parce que le mail a été accepté pour livraison qu'il arrivera à destination.

Historique

Version	Description
7.2.0	Le paramètre `additional_headers` accepte maintenant les array.

Exemples

Exemple #1 Envoi d'un mail

Utilisation de la fonction mail() pour envoyer un mail simple :

<?php
// Le message
$message = "Line 1\r\nLine 2\r\nLine 3";

// Dans le cas où nos lignes comportent plus de 70 caractères, nous les coupons en utilisant wordwrap()
$message = wordwrap($message, 70, "\r\n");

// Envoi du mail
mail('caffeinated@example.com', 'Mon Sujet', $message);
?>

Exemple #2 Envoi d'un mail avec des en-têtes supplémentaires

L'ajout d'en-têtes simples, spécifiant au MUA les adresses "From" et "Reply-To" :

<?php
     $to      = 'personne@example.com';
     $subject = 'le sujet';
     $message = 'Bonjour !';
     $headers = 'From: webmaster@example.com' . "\r\n" .
     'Reply-To: webmaster@example.com' . "\r\n" .
     'X-Mailer: PHP/' . phpversion();

     mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);
 ?>

Exemple #3 Envoi d'un mail avec un array d'en-têtes supplémentaires

Cet exemple envoie le même courrier que l'exemple ci-dessus, mais passe les en-têtes supplémentaires en tant que tableau (disponible depuis PHP 7.2.0).

<?php
$to      = 'nobody@example.com';
$subject = 'the subject';
$message = 'hello';
$headers = array(
    'From' => 'webmaster@example.com',
    'Reply-To' => 'webmaster@example.com',
    'X-Mailer' => 'PHP/' . phpversion()
);

mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);
?>

Exemple #4 Envoi d'un mail avec un paramètre de ligne de commande additionnel

Le paramètre additional_params peut être utilisé pour passer un paramètre additionnel au programme configuré à être utilisé pour envoyer les mails en utilisant sendmail_path.

<?php
     mail('personne@example.com', 'le sujet', 'le message', null,
     '-fwebmaster@example.com');
?>

Exemple #5 Envoi de mail HTML

Il est également possible d'envoyer des mails HTML avec la fonction mail().

<?php
     // Plusieurs destinataires
     $to  = 'johny@example.com, sally@example.com'; // notez la virgule

     // Sujet
     $subject = 'Calendrier des anniversaires pour Août';

     // message
     $message = '
     <html>
      <head>
       <title>Calendrier des anniversaires pour Août</title>
      </head>
      <body>
       <p>Voici les anniversaires à venir au mois d\'Août !</p>
       <table>
        <tr>
         <th>Personne</th><th>Jour</th><th>Mois</th><th>Année</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <td>Josiane</td><td>3</td><td>Août</td><td>1970</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <td>Emma</td><td>26</td><td>Août</td><td>1973</td>
        </tr>
       </table>
      </body>
     </html>
     ';

     // Pour envoyer un mail HTML, l'en-tête Content-type doit être défini
     $headers[] = 'MIME-Version: 1.0';
     $headers[] = 'Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1';

     // En-têtes additionnels
     $headers[] = 'To: Mary <mary@example.com>, Kelly <kelly@example.com>';
     $headers[] = 'From: Anniversaire <anniversaire@example.com>';
     $headers[] = 'Cc: anniversaire_archive@example.com';
     $headers[] = 'Bcc: anniversaire_verif@example.com';

     // Envoi
     mail($to, $subject, $message, implode("\r\n", $headers));
?>

Note:
Si vous prévoyez d'envoyer des mails HTML ou autrement plus complexes, il est recommandé d'utiliser le paquet PEAR » PEAR::Mail_Mime.

Notes

Note:
L'implémentation SMTP (uniquement sous Windows) de la fonction mail() diffère de manière significative avec l'implémentation de sendmail. Tout d'abord, il n'utilise pas un programme local pour composer les messages, mais opère uniquement et directement sur les sockets, ce qui signifie qu'un MTA est nécessairement à l'écoute sur un socket du réseau (qui peut être soit sur le réseau local ou sur une machine distante).

Deuxièmement, les en-têtes personnalisés comme From:, Cc:, Bcc: et Date: ne sont pas interprétés par le MTA dans un premier temps, mais sont analysés par PHP.

De plus, le paramètre to ne doit pas être une adresse sous la forme "Quelque chose <quelqu_un@example.com>". La commande mail n'analysera pas correctement ceci lors de la discussion avec le MTA.

Note:
Il est important de noter que la fonction mail() n'est pas conseillée pour traiter de gros volumes de mails dans une boucle. Cette fonction ouvre et ferme un socket SMTP pour chaque mail, ce qui n'est pas très efficace.

Pour envoyer de gros volumes de mails, reportez-vous aux paquets » PEAR::Mail et » PEAR::Mail_Queue.

Note:
Les RFC suivantes peuvent être utiles : » RFC 1896, » RFC 2045, » RFC 2046, » RFC 2047, » RFC 2048, » RFC 2049 et » RFC 2822.

Voir aussi

mb_send_mail() - Envoie un mail encodé
imap_mail() - Envoie un message mail
» PEAR::Mail
» PEAR::Mail_Mime

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User Contributed Notes 18 notes

down

Anonymous ¶

8 years ago

Security advice: Although it is not documented, for the parameters $to and $subject the mail() function changes at least \r and \n to space. So these parameters are safe against injection of additional headers. But you might want to check $to for commas as these separate multiple addresses and you might not want to send to more than one recipient.

The crucial part is the $additional_headers parameter. This parameter can't be cleaned by the mail() function. So it is up to you to prevent unwanted \r or \n to be inserted into the values you put in there. Otherwise you just created a potential spam distributor.

down

php at simoneast dot net ¶

7 years ago

Often it's helpful to find the exact error message that is triggered by the mail() function. While the function doesn't provide an error directly, you can use error_get_last() when mail() returns false.

<?php
$success = mail('example@example.com', 'My Subject', $message);
if (!$success) {
    $errorMessage = error_get_last()['message'];
}
?>

(Tested successfully on Windows which uses SMTP by default, but sendmail on Linux/OSX may not provide the same level of detail.)

Thanks to https://stackoverflow.com/a/20203870/195835

down

priyanshkala3 at gmail dot com ¶

1 year ago

Sending mail using XAMPP server

I encountered numerous issues while attempting to send emails using the XAMPP server. However, I eventually found the correct method to accomplish it.

Configuring PHP's mail functionality to work with Gmail's SMTP server involves editing the `php.ini` and `sendmail.ini` configuration files. Below are the formal steps for setting up PHP to send emails through Gmail's SMTP server using XAMPP:

Configuring php.ini:

1. Open `php.ini` in an editor:
   Open the `php.ini` configuration file in your preferred text editor.

2. Locate the mail function:
   Use the search function (Ctrl + F) to find the section related to the mail function within the `php.ini` file.

3. Update mail function settings:
   Copy and paste the following configuration parameters into the mail function section. Comment out or disable all other settings related to mail.

   php.ini code to be edited:

   SMTP=smtp.gmail.com
   smtp_port=587
   sendmail_from = yourmail@gmail.com
   sendmail_path = write_sendmail.exe_path
   

4. Save the changes:
   Save the `php.ini` file after applying the modifications.

Configuring sendmail.ini (in XAMPP folder):

1. Open `sendmail.ini` in XAMPP folder:
   Locate and open the `sendmail.ini` configuration file within the XAMPP directory.

2. Adjust SMTP settings:
   Insert the following content into the `sendmail.ini` file, marking other configurations as comments:

   sendmail.ini code :

   smtp_server=smtp.gmail.com
   smtp_port=587
   error_logfile=error.log
   debug_logfile=debug.log
   auth_username=yourmail@gmail.com
auth_password=app_password_after_enabling_two_factor_authentication_for_your_mail_id
   force_sender=priyansh.kala.4@gmail.com
   

3. Save the changes:
   Save the `sendmail.ini` file after inserting the specified configurations.

These steps configure PHP to utilize Gmail's SMTP server for sending emails. Ensure that the modifications are saved and that the necessary XAMPP services are restarted for the changes to take effect.

Please note that using hardcoded passwords in configuration files poses a security risk. Storing passwords directly in plain text files should be avoided in production environments. Consider using environment variables or secure credential management systems for better security practices.

Code for sending mail-:

<?php
$subject = "Mail for checking";
$msg = "Hey! Let us play with PHP.";
$receiver = "reciever@gmail.com";
mail($receiver, $subject, $msg);
?>

down

Anonymous ¶

5 years ago

If you notice wrong displayed characters in the email it's because you need to properly set the Content-Type and the Charset in the headers of the email:

<?php
$headers = 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8' . "\r\n";
?>

Mostly, UTF-8 is your best choice.

You can set custom headers with the fourth parameter of the mail() function.

To make the whole thing waterproof, add the following header too:

<?php
$headers .= 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64' . "\r\n";
?>

Now you can use the combination of UTF-8 and Base64 to properly encode the subject line and the recipient name like this:

<?php
$subject = '=?UTF-8?B?' . base64_encode('Test email with German Umlauts öäüß') . '?=';
$recipient = '=?UTF-8?B?' . base64_encode('Margret Müller') . '?= <recipient@domain.com>';
?>

And don't forget to Base64 encode the email message too:

<?php
$message = base64_encode('This email contains German Umlauts öäüß.');
?>

All references are taken from:
https://dev.to/lutvit/how-to-make-the-php-mail-function-awesome-3cii

down

charles dot fisher at arconic dot com ¶

7 years ago

I migrated an application to a platform without a local transport agent (MTA). I did not want to configure an MTA, so I wrote this xxmail function to replace mail() with calls to a remote SMTP server. Hopefully it is of some use.

function xxmail($to, $subject, $body, $headers)
{
 $smtp = stream_socket_client('tcp://smtp.yourmail.com:25', $eno, $estr, 30);

 $B = 8192;
 $c = "\r\n";
 $s = 'myapp@someserver.com';

 fwrite($smtp, 'helo ' . $_ENV['HOSTNAME'] . $c);
  $junk = fgets($smtp, $B);

 // Envelope
 fwrite($smtp, 'mail from: ' . $s . $c);
  $junk = fgets($smtp, $B);
 fwrite($smtp, 'rcpt to: ' . $to . $c);
  $junk = fgets($smtp, $B);
 fwrite($smtp, 'data' . $c);
  $junk = fgets($smtp, $B);

 // Header 
 fwrite($smtp, 'To: ' . $to . $c); 
 if(strlen($subject)) fwrite($smtp, 'Subject: ' . $subject . $c); 
 if(strlen($headers)) fwrite($smtp, $headers); // Must be \r\n (delimited)
 fwrite($smtp, $headers . $c); 

 // Body
 if(strlen($body)) fwrite($smtp, $body . $c); 
 fwrite($smtp, $c . '.' . $c);
  $junk = fgets($smtp, $B);

 // Close
 fwrite($smtp, 'quit' . $c);
  $junk = fgets($smtp, $B);
 fclose($smtp);
}

down

chris at ocproducts dot com ¶

7 years ago

The 'sendmail' executable which PHP uses on Linux/Mac (not Windows) expects "\n" as a line separator.

This executable is a standard, and emulated by other MTAs.

"\n" is confirmed required for qmail and postfix, probably also for sendmail and exim but I have not tested.

If you pass through using "\r\n" as a separator it may appear to work, but your email will be subtly corrupted and some middleware may break. It only works because some systems will clean up your mistake.

If you are implementing DKIM be very careful, as DKIM checks will fail (at least on popular validation tools) if you screw this up. DKIM must be calculated using "\r\n" but then you must switch it all to "\n" when using the PHP mail function.

On Windows, however, you should use "\r\n" because PHP is using SMTP in this situation, and hence the normal rules of the SMTP protocol (not the normal rules of Unix piping) apply.

down

Porjo ¶

14 years ago

Make sure you enclose \r\n in double quotes (not single quotes!) so that PHP can translate that into the correct linefeed code

down

atesin > gmail ¶

1 year ago

mail() internals:

doing some tests i can say... if sendmail_path is defined in php.ini or by ini.set(), by calling function like...

mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers, $params)

would be like if php open a shell internally, execute this command, send this text to stdin, and return true if return value == 0

------------
shell> $sendmail_path $params
To: $to
Subject: $subject
$headers

$message
(EOF)
------------

in windows instead using php smtp which is very limited, i prefer to force use sendmail-like behavior, by setting sendmail_path and then use msmtp for windows

down

Mark Simon ¶

5 years ago

It is worth noting that you can set up a fake sendmail program using the sendmail_path directive in php.ini.

Despite the comment in that file, sendmail_path also works for Window. From https://www.php.net/manual/en/mail.configuration.php#ini.sendmail-path:

This directive works also under Windows. If set, smtp, smtp_port and sendmail_from are ignored and the specified command is executed.

down

eeeugeneee ¶

7 years ago

Send mail with minimal requirements from email services.

<?php
    $encoding = "utf-8";

    // Preferences for Subject field
    $subject_preferences = array(
        "input-charset" => $encoding,
        "output-charset" => $encoding,
        "line-length" => 76,
        "line-break-chars" => "\r\n"
    );

    // Mail header
    $header = "Content-type: text/html; charset=".$encoding." \r\n";
    $header .= "From: ".$from_name." <".$from_mail."> \r\n";
    $header .= "MIME-Version: 1.0 \r\n";
    $header .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit \r\n";
    $header .= "Date: ".date("r (T)")." \r\n";
    $header .= iconv_mime_encode("Subject", $mail_subject, $subject_preferences);

    // Send mail
    mail($mail_to, $mail_subject, $mail_message, $header);
?>

down

pangz dot lab at gmail dot com ¶

4 years ago

* Sending email with attachment

function sendMail(
    string $fileAttachment,
    string $mailMessage = MAIL_CONF["mailMessage"],
    string $subject     = MAIL_CONF["subject"],
    string $toAddress   = MAIL_CONF["toAddress"],
    string $fromMail    = MAIL_CONF["fromMail"]
): bool {
    
    $fileAttachment = trim($fileAttachment);
    $from           = $fromMail;
    $pathInfo       = pathinfo($fileAttachment);
    $attchmentName  = "attachment_".date("YmdHms").(
    (isset($pathInfo['extension']))? ".".$pathInfo['extension'] : ""
    );
    
    $attachment    = chunk_split(base64_encode(file_get_contents($fileAttachment)));
    $boundary      = "PHP-mixed-".md5(time());
    $boundWithPre  = "\n--".$boundary;
    
    $headers   = "From: $from";
    $headers  .= "\nReply-To: $from";
    $headers  .= "\nContent-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=\"".$boundary."\"";
    
    $message   = $boundWithPre;
    $message  .= "\n Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n";
    $message  .= "\n $mailMessage";
    
    $message .= $boundWithPre;
    $message .= "\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream; name=\"".$attchmentName."\"";
    $message .= "\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: base64\n";
    $message .= "\nContent-Disposition: attachment\n";
    $message .= $attachment;
    $message .= $boundWithPre."--";
    
    return mail($toAddress, $subject, $message, $headers);
}

* Sending email in html

function sendHtmlMail(
    string $mailMessage = MAIL_CONF["mailMessage"],
    string $subject     = MAIL_CONF["subject"],
    array $toAddress    = MAIL_CONF["toAddress"],
    string $fromMail    = MAIL_CONF["fromMail"]
): bool {
    
    $to        = implode(",", $toAddress);
    $headers[] = 'MIME-Version: 1.0';
    $headers[] = 'Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1';    
    $headers[] = 'To: '.$to;
    $headers[] = 'From: '.$fromMail;    

    return mail($to, $subject, $mailMessage, implode("\r\n", $headers));
}

down

pavel.lint at vk.com ¶

12 years ago

Here's a small handy function I use to send email in UTF-8.

 <?php
function mail_utf8($to, $from_user, $from_email, 
                                             $subject = '(No subject)', $message = '')
   { 
      $from_user = "=?UTF-8?B?".base64_encode($from_user)."?=";
      $subject = "=?UTF-8?B?".base64_encode($subject)."?=";

      $headers = "From: $from_user <$from_email>\r\n". 
               "MIME-Version: 1.0" . "\r\n" . 
               "Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8" . "\r\n"; 

     return mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers); 
   }
?>

down

Ben Cooke ¶

19 years ago

Note that there is a big difference between the behavior of this function on Windows systems vs. UNIX systems. On Windows it delivers directly to an SMTP server, while on a UNIX system it uses a local command to hand off to the system's own MTA.



The upshot of all this is that on a Windows system your  message and headers must use the standard line endings \r\n as prescribed by the email specs. On a UNIX system the MTA's "sendmail" interface assumes that recieved data will use UNIX line endings and will turn any \n to \r\n, so you must supply only \n to mail() on a UNIX system to avoid the MTA hypercorrecting to \r\r\n.



If you use plain old \n on a Windows system, some MTAs will get a little upset. qmail in particular will refuse outright to accept any message that has a lonely \n without an accompanying \r.

down

Anonymous ¶

1 year ago

So far I used the following to make sure special charakters where correctly shown in the mail subject:

<?php $subject = '=?utf-8?B?' . base64_encode($subject) . '?='; ?>

But with very long subjects, the header line gets longer than 76 chars and some e-mail servers really don't like that... So this is my new solution:

<?php $subject = substr(mb_encode_mimeheader("Subject: " . $subject, 'utf-8', 'B', "\r\n", 0), 9); ?>

Please note: I added "Subject: " in front of $subject and stripped it of afterwards. This is to make sure, that the necessarry space is reserved, as PHP will add the "Subject: " itself...

down

imme_emosol ¶

1 year ago

Also see chunk_split (as "alternative" to wordwrap).

down

-2

ABOMB ¶

12 years ago

I was having delivery issues from this function to Gmail, Yahoo, AOL, etc.  I used the notes here to figure that you need to be setting your Return-Path to a valid email to catch bounces.  There are two extra delivery gotchas on top of that:

1) The domain in the email used in the -f option in the php.ini sendmail parameter or in the mail() extra parameters field, needs to have a valid SPF record for the domain (in DNS as a "TXT" record type for sure and add an additional  "SPF" type record if possible).  Why? That's header field being used for spam checks.

2) You should also use a domain key or DKIM.  The trick here is that the domain key/DKIM is case sensitive!  I used Cpanel to create my domain key which automatically used all lowercase domain names in the key creation.  I found when  sending email and using a camel case "-f account@MyDomainHere.Com" option, my key was not accepted.  However it was accepted when I used "-f account@mydomainhere.com".

There are many other factors that can contribute to mail not getting to inboxes, including your own multiple failed testing attempts, so I suggest you consult each site's guidelines and don't ask me for help.  These are just the couple technical issues that helped my case.

I hope this saves someone some time and headaches...

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-4

rexlorenzo at gmail dot com ¶

12 years ago

Be careful to not put extra spaces for the $headers variable.

For example, this didn't work on our servers:

$headers = "From: $from \r\n Bcc: $bcc \r\n";

But this did:

$headers = "From: $from\r\nBcc: $bcc\r\n";

Notice the removal of the spaces around the first \r\n.

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-4

andrew at my-syte dot com ¶

2 years ago

Regarding To: 

be careful not to duplicate To in the additional_headers, 

lest gmail already flags it thus:

host gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com [142.251.xx.xx]
SMTP error from remote mail server after end of data:
550-5.7.1 [xxx.xxx.xx.xx] This message is not RFC 5322 compliant, the issue is:
550-5.7.1 duplicate To headers. To reduce the amount of spam sent to Gmail,
550-5.7.1 this message has been blocked. Please review
550 5.7.1 RFC 5322 specifications for more information.

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