(PHP 8 >= 8.1.0)
Les fibres représentent des fonctions interruptibles sur toute la pile. Les fibres peuvent être suspendues à n'importe quel endroit de la pile d'appels, en interrompant l'exécution à l'intérieur de la fibre jusqu'à ce que la fibre soit reprise ultérieurement.
Les fibres mettent en pause l'ensemble de la pile d'exécution, de sorte que l'appelant direct de la fonction n'a pas besoin de modifier la façon dont il invoque la fonction.
L'exécution peut être interrompue n'importe où dans la pile d'appels en utilisant Fiber::suspend() (c'est-à-dire que l'appel à Fiber::suspend() peut se trouver dans une fonction profondément imbriquée ou ne pas exister du tout).
Contrairement aux Generator n'ayant pas de pile, chaque Fiber possède sa propre pile d'appels, ce qui leur permet d'être mises en pause dans des appels de fonctions profondément imbriquées. Une fonction déclarant un point d'interruption (c'est-à-dire appelant Fiber::suspend()) n'a pas besoin de changer son type de retour, contrairement à une fonction utilisant yield qui doit retourner une instance de Generator.
Les fibres peuvent être suspendues dans n'importe quel appel de fonction, y compris celles appelées à l'intérieur de la VM PHP, comme les fonctions fournies à array_map() ou les méthodes appelées par foreach sur un objet Iterator.
Une fois suspendue, l'exécution de la fibre peut être reprise avec n'importe quelle valeur en utilisant Fiber::resume() ou en lançant une exception dans la fibre à l'aide de Fiber::throw(). La valeur est renvoyée (ou l'exception lancée) par Fiber::suspend().
Note: En raison des limitations actuelles, il n'est pas possible de changer de fibre dans le destructeur d'un objet.
Exemple #1 Utilisation de base
<?php
$fiber = new Fiber(function (): void {
$value = Fiber::suspend('fiber');
echo "Valeur utilisée pour reprendre la fibre: ", $value, PHP_EOL;
});
$value = $fiber->start();
echo "Valeur de la suspension de la fibre: ", $value, PHP_EOL;
$fiber->resume('test');
?>L'exemple ci-dessus va afficher :
Valeur de la suspension de la fibre: fiber Valeur utilisée pour reprendre la fibre: test
Perhaps not using the same variable name everywhere will be a good idea
<?php
$fiber = new Fiber(function (): void {
$parm = Fiber::suspend('fiber');
echo "Value used to resume fiber: ", $parm, PHP_EOL;
});
$res = $fiber->start();
echo "Value from fiber suspending: ", $res, PHP_EOL;
$fiber->resume('test');
?>Here is a simple scheduler and thread pool that implements multithreading using fibers and tick functions in PHP 8.1 and returns the return value of each function in the pool in an array at the end.
Note that due to some bugs, you need to register a new tick function for each "thread". Remember to unregister all of them at the end.
The link bellow is the discussion on a bug that is going on right now (At the time of writing this). Note that based on the discussion, the ability to call Fiber::suspend() inside tick function may become forbidden in PHP 8.2+. But if the bug gets fixed, you can move register_tick_function() line to the top of the class, and this simple multithreading class in pure PHP code will work like a charm.
https://github.com/php/php-src/issues/8960
<?php
declare(ticks=1);
class Thread {
protected static $names = [];
protected static $fibers = [];
protected static $params = [];
public static function register(string|int $name, callable $callback, array $params)
{
self::$names[] = $name;
self::$fibers[] = new Fiber($callback);
self::$params[] = $params;
}
public static function run() {
$output = [];
while (self::$fibers) {
foreach (self::$fibers as $i => $fiber) {
try {
if (!$fiber->isStarted()) {
// Register a new tick function for scheduling this fiber
register_tick_function('Thread::scheduler');
$fiber->start(...self::$params[$i]);
} elseif ($fiber->isTerminated()) {
$output[self::$names[$i]] = $fiber->getReturn();
unset(self::$fibers[$i]);
} elseif ($fiber->isSuspended()) {
$fiber->resume();
}
} catch (Throwable $e) {
$output[self::$names[$i]] = $e;
}
}
}
return $output;
}
public static function scheduler () {
if(Fiber::getCurrent() === null) {
return;
}
// running Fiber::suspend() in this if condition will prevent an infinite loop!
if(count(self::$fibers) > 1)
{
Fiber::suspend();
}
}
}
?>
And here is an example code on how to use above Thread class:
<?php
// defining a non-blocking thread, so multiple calls will run in concurrent mode using above Thread class.
function thread (string $print, int $loop)
{
$i = $loop;
while ($i--){
echo $print;
}
return "Thread '{$print}' finished after printing '{$print}' for {$loop} times!";
}
// registering 6 Threads (A, B, C, D, E, and F)
foreach(range('A', 'F') as $c) {
Thread::register($c, 'thread', [$c, rand(5, 20)]);
}
// run threads and wait until execution finishes
$outputs = Thread::run();
// print outputs
echo PHP_EOL, '-------------- RETURN VALUES --------------', PHP_EOL;
print_r($outputs);
?>
The output will be something like this (but probably different):
ABCDEFABCDEFABCDEFABCDEFABCDEFABCEFABFABFABEBEFBEFEFEFAABEABEBEFBEFFAAAAAA
-------------- RETURN VALUES --------------
Array
(
[D] => Thread 'D' finished after printing 'D' for 5 times!
[C] => Thread 'C' finished after printing 'C' for 6 times!
[E] => Thread 'E' finished after printing 'E' for 15 times!
[B] => Thread 'B' finished after printing 'B' for 15 times!
[F] => Thread 'F' finished after printing 'F' for 15 times!
[A] => Thread 'A' finished after printing 'A' for 18 times!
)I think that in some cases it makes sense to convert a Fiber to a Generator (Coroutine) for convenience. In such cases, this code will be useful:
<?php
function fiber_to_coroutine(\Fiber $fiber): \Generator
{
$index = -1; // Note: Pre-increment is faster than post-increment.
$value = null;
// Allow an already running fiber.
if (!$fiber->isStarted()) {
$value = yield ++$index => $fiber->start();
}
// A Fiber without suspends should return the result immediately.
if (!$fiber->isTerminated()) {
while (true) {
$value = $fiber->resume($value);
// The last call to "resume()" moves the execution of the
// Fiber to the "return" stmt.
//
// So the "yield" is not needed. Skip this step and return
// the result.
if ($fiber->isTerminated()) {
break;
}
$value = yield ++$index => $value;
}
}
return $fiber->getReturn();
}
?>One of examples, how to make multi_curl faster twice (pseudocode) using Fibers:
<?php
$curlHandles = [];
$urls = [
'https://example.com/1',
'https://example.com/2',
...
'https://example.com/1000',
];
$mh = curl_multi_init();
$mh_fiber = curl_multi_init();
$halfOfList = floor(count($urls) / 2);
foreach ($urls as $index => $url) {
$ch = curl_init($url);
$curlHandles[] = $ch;
// half of urls will be run in background in fiber
$index > $halfOfList ? curl_multi_add_handle($mh_fiber, $ch) : curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch);
}
$fiber = new Fiber(function (CurlMultiHandle $mh) {
$still_running = null;
do {
curl_multi_exec($mh, $still_running);
Fiber::suspend();
} while ($still_running);
});
// run curl multi exec in background while fiber is in suspend status
$fiber->start($mh_fiber);
$still_running = null;
do {
$status = curl_multi_exec($mh, $still_running);
} while ($still_running);
do {
/**
* at this moment curl in fiber already finished (maybe)
* so we must refresh $still_running variable with one more cycle "do while" in fiber
**/
$status_fiber = $fiber->resume();
} while (!$fiber->isTerminated());
foreach ($curlHandles as $index => $ch) {
$index > $halfOfList ? curl_multi_remove_handle($mh_fiber, $ch) : curl_multi_remove_handle($mh, $ch);
}
curl_multi_close($mh);
curl_multi_close($mh_fiber);
?>Example of the same functionality showing what is the difference between Fiber and Generator
<?php
$gener = (function () use (&$gener): Generator {
$userfunc = function () use (&$gener) : Generator {
register_shutdown_function(function () use (&$gener) {
$gener->send('test');
});
return yield 'test';
};
$parm = yield from $userfunc();
echo "Value used to resume fiber: ", $parm, PHP_EOL;
})();
$res = $gener->current();
echo "Value from fiber suspending: ", $res, PHP_EOL;
?>
<?php
$fiber = new Fiber(function () use (&$fiber) : void {
$userfunc = function () use (&$fiber) : string {
register_shutdown_function(function () use (&$fiber) {
$fiber->resume('test');
});
return Fiber::suspend('fiber');
};
$parm = $userfunc();
echo "Value used to resume fiber: ", $parm, PHP_EOL;
});
$res = $fiber->start();
echo "Value from fiber suspending: ", $res, PHP_EOL;
?>TL;DR
The Thread class from Ali Madabi above has been eventually deprecated by the linked issue as relaying on tick functions for preemptive multi-threading simulation has been deemed "bad practice". Better ways were suggested for achieving some sort of multi-threading, such as: Revolt and AMP.
https://github.com/php/php-src/issues/8960#issuecomment-1184249445