The PDO class

"And storing username/password inside class is not a very good idea for production code."Good idea is to store database connection settings in *.ini files but you have to restrict access to them. For example this way:my_setting.ini:[database]driver = mysqlhost = localhost;port = 3306schema = db_schemausername = userpassword = secretDatabase connection:<?phpclass MyPDO extends PDO{    public function __construct($file = 'my_setting.ini')    {        if (!$settings = parse_ini_file($file, TRUE)) throw new exception('Unable to open ' . $file . '.');                $dns = $settings['database']['driver'] .        ':host=' . $settings['database']['host'] .        ((!empty($settings['database']['port'])) ? (';port=' . $settings['database']['port']) : '') .        ';dbname=' . $settings['database']['schema'];                parent::__construct($dns, $settings['database']['username'], $settings['database']['password']);    }}?>Database connection parameters are accessible via human readable ini file for those who screams even if they see one PHP/HTML/any_other command.

Keep in mind, you MUST NOT use 'root' user in your applications, unless your application designed to do a database maintenance.And storing username/password inside class is not a very good idea for production code. You would need to edit the actual working code to change settings, which is bad.

PDO and Dependency InjectionDependency injection is good for testing.  But for anyone wanting various data mapper objects to have a database connection, dependency injection can make other model code very messy because database objects have to be instantiated all over the place and given to the data mapper objects.The code below is a good way to maintain dependency injection while keeping clean and minimal model code.<?phpclass DataMapper{    public static $db;        public static function init($db)    {        self::$db = $db;    }}class VendorMapper extends DataMapper{    public static function add($vendor)    {        $st = self::$db->prepare(            "insert into vendors set            first_name = :first_name,            last_name = :last_name"        );        $st->execute(array(            ':first_name' => $vendor->first_name,            ':last_name' => $vendor->last_name        ));    }}// In your bootstrap$db = new PDO(...);DataMapper::init($db);// In your model logic$vendor = new Vendor('John', 'Doe');VendorMapper::add($vendor);?>

Starting with PHP 5.4 you are unable to use persistent connections when you have your own database class derived from the native PDO class. If your code uses this combination, you will encounter segmentation faults during the cleanup of the PHP process.You can still use _either_ a derived PDO class _or_ persistent connections.For more information, please see this bug report: https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=63176

For some Database Environment, such as Aliyun DRDS (Distributed Relational Database Service), cannot process preparing for SQL. For such cases, the option `\PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES` should be set to true. If you always got reports about "Failed to prepare SQL" while this option were set to false, you might try to turn on this option to emulate prepares for SQL.

I personnaly create a new instance of PDO like this : $dbDatas = parse_ini_file( DB_FILE ); $dbOptions = [ \PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FECTH_MODE => \PDO::FETCH_OBJ, \PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => \PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION ]; $dsn = sprintf( 'mysql:dbname=%s;host=%s', $dbDatas['dbname'],$dbDatas['host'] );  $this->cn = new \PDO( $dsn, $dbDatas['user'], $dbDatas['password'],$dbOptions ); $this->cn->exec( 'SET CHARACTER SET UTF8' );