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    mb_convert_case

    (PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

    mb_convert_case — 文字列に対してケースフォールディングを行う

    説明

    mb_convert_case(string $string, int $mode, ?string $encoding = null): string

    mode で指定された方法で string に対してケースフォールディングを行います。

    パラメータ

    string

    変換される文字列。

    mode

    変換モード。以下のうちいずれかひとつです。 MB_CASE_UPPER, MB_CASE_LOWER, MB_CASE_TITLE, MB_CASE_FOLD, MB_CASE_UPPER_SIMPLE, MB_CASE_LOWER_SIMPLE, MB_CASE_TITLE_SIMPLE, MB_CASE_FOLD_SIMPLE

    encoding

    encoding パラメータには文字エンコーディングを指定します。省略した場合、もしくは null の場合は、 内部文字エンコーディングを使用します。

    戻り値

    mode で指定された方法で string に対してケースフォールディングを行った結果を返します。

    変更履歴

    バージョン 説明
    8.3.0 ギリシャ文字のシグマ向けに、条件付きのケースルールが実装されました。 これは MB_CASE_LOWER と MB_CASE_TITLE にのみ適用されます。 MB_CASE_LOWER_SIMPLE と MB_CASE_TITLE_SIMPLE には適用されません。
    7.3.0 mode に MB_CASE_FOLD, MB_CASE_UPPER_SIMPLE, MB_CASE_LOWER_SIMPLE, MB_CASE_TITLE_SIMPLE, MB_CASE_FOLD_SIMPLE のサポートが追加されました。

    例

    例1 mb_convert_case() の例

    <?php
    $str     = "mary had a Little lamb and she loved it so";
    $str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
    echo     $str; // Prints MARY HAD A LITTLE LAMB AND SHE LOVED IT SO
    $str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8");
    echo     $str; // Prints Mary Had A Little Lamb And She Loved It So
    ?>

    例2 非ラテン UTF-8 テキストでの mb_convert_case() の例

    <?php
    $str     = "Τάχιστη αλώπηξ βαφής ψημένη γη, δρασκελίζει υπέρ νωθρού κυνός";
    $str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
    echo     $str; // 結果は ΤΆΧΙΣΤΗ ΑΛΏΠΗΞ ΒΑΦΉΣ ΨΗΜΈΝΗ ΓΗ, ΔΡΑΣΚΕΛΊΖΕΙ ΥΠΈΡ ΝΩΘΡΟΎ ΚΥΝΌΣ
    $str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8");
    echo     $str; // 結果は Τάχιστη Αλώπηξ Βαφήσ Ψημένη Γη, Δρασκελίζει Υπέρ Νωθρού Κυνόσ
    ?>

    Unicode

    標準のケースフォールディング関数である strtolower() や strtoupper() と違い、ケースフォールディングは Unicode 文字属性を基準に行われます。したがって、この関数の挙動は ロケールの設定に影響されず、また、すべてのアルファベット、 例えば A ウムラウト (Ä) を変換することができます。

    Unicode 文字属性についての詳細は » http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr21/ を参照ください。

    参考

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    User Contributed Notes 10 notes

    up
    12
    alNzy
    4 years ago
    You can use this function to fix problems related to Turkish "ı", "I", "i", "İ" characters. This function also replaces the weird "i̇" character with regular "i" character ("i̇ => i").

    function mb_convert_case_tr($str, $type, $encoding = "UTF-8")
    {

    switch ($type) {
    case "u":
    case "upper":
    case MB_CASE_UPPER:
    $type = MB_CASE_UPPER;
    break;
    case "l":
    case "lower":
    case MB_CASE_LOWER:
    $type = MB_CASE_LOWER;
    break;
    case "t":
    case "title":
    case MB_CASE_TITLE:
    $type = MB_CASE_TITLE;
    break;
    }

    $str = str_replace("i", "İ", $str);
    $str = str_replace("I", "ı", $str);

    $str = mb_convert_case($str, $type, $encoding);
    $str = str_replace("i̇", "i", $str);

    return $str;
    }
    up
    11
    agash at freemail dot hu
    15 years ago
    as the previouly posted version of this function doesn't handle UTF-8 characters, I simply tried to replace ucfirst to mb_convert_case, but then any previous case foldings were lost while looping through delimiters.
    So I decided to do an mb_convert_case on the input string (it also deals with words is uppercase wich may also be problematic when doing case-sensitive search), and do the rest of checking after that.

    As with mb_convert_case, words are capitalized, I also added lowercase convertion for the exceptions, but, for the above mentioned reason, I left ucfirst unchanged.

    Now it works fine for utf-8 strings as well, except for string delimiters followed by an UTF-8 character ("Mcádám" is unchanged, while "mcdunno's" is converted to "McDunno's" and "ökrös-TÓTH éDUa" in also put in the correct form)

    I use it for checking user input on names and addresses, so exceptions list contains some hungarian words too.

    <?php

    function titleCase($string, $delimiters = array(" ", "-", ".", "'", "O'", "Mc"), $exceptions = array("út", "u", "s", "és", "utca", "tér", "krt", "körút", "sétány", "I", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX", "X", "XI", "XII", "XIII", "XIV", "XV", "XVI", "XVII", "XVIII", "XIX", "XX", "XXI", "XXII", "XXIII", "XXIV", "XXV", "XXVI", "XXVII", "XXVIII", "XXIX", "XXX" )) {
    /*
    * Exceptions in lower case are words you don't want converted
    * Exceptions all in upper case are any words you don't want converted to title case
    * but should be converted to upper case, e.g.:
    * king henry viii or king henry Viii should be King Henry VIII
    */
    $string = mb_convert_case($string, MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8");

    foreach (    $delimiters as $dlnr => $delimiter){
    $words = explode($delimiter, $string);
    $newwords = array();
    foreach (    $words as $wordnr => $word){

    if (    in_array(mb_strtoupper($word, "UTF-8"), $exceptions)){
    // check exceptions list for any words that should be in upper case
    $word = mb_strtoupper($word, "UTF-8");
    }
    elseif (    in_array(mb_strtolower($word, "UTF-8"), $exceptions)){
    // check exceptions list for any words that should be in upper case
    $word = mb_strtolower($word, "UTF-8");
    }

    elseif (!    in_array($word, $exceptions) ){
    // convert to uppercase (non-utf8 only)

    $word = ucfirst($word);

    }
    array_push($newwords, $word);
    }
    $string = join($delimiter, $newwords);
    }    //foreach
    return $string;
    }

    ?>
    up
    5
    Rasa Ravi at tantrajoga dot cz
    19 years ago
    For CZECH characters:
    <?php
    $text     = mb_convert_case($text, MB_CASE_LOWER, "Windows-1251");
    ?>
    The right encoding Windows-1250 is not valid (see the list mb_list_encodings), but Windows-1251 will do the same 100%. The function strtolower() ignores czech characters with diacritics.
    up
    3
    info at yasarnet dot com
    16 years ago
    For my case following did the work to capitalize UTF-8 encoded string.

    function capitalize($str, $encoding = 'UTF-8') {
    return mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($str, 0, 1, $encoding), $encoding) . mb_strtolower(mb_substr($str, 1, mb_strlen($str), $encoding), $encoding);
    }
    up
    1
    dave at wp dot pl
    8 years ago
    MB_CASE_TITLE doesn't change letters in quotation marks.

    Example:
    mb_convert_case('AAA "aaa"', MB_CASE_TITLE);
    // Result: Aaa "aaa"
    up
    1
    the at psychoticneurotic dot com
    15 years ago
    Building upon Justin's and Alex's work...

    This function allows you to specify which delimiter(s) to explode on (not just the default space). Now you can correctly capitalize Irish names and hyphenated words (if you want)!

    <?php
    function titleCase($string, $delimiters = array(" ", "-", "O'"), $exceptions = array("to", "a", "the", "of", "by", "and", "with", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX", "X")) {
    /*
    * Exceptions in lower case are words you don't want converted
    * Exceptions all in upper case are any words you don't want converted to title case
    * but should be converted to upper case, e.g.:
    * king henry viii or king henry Viii should be King Henry VIII
    */
    foreach ($delimiters as $delimiter){
    $words = explode($delimiter, $string);
    $newwords = array();
    foreach (    $words as $word){
    if (    in_array(strtoupper($word), $exceptions)){
    // check exceptions list for any words that should be in upper case
    $word = strtoupper($word);
    } elseif (!    in_array($word, $exceptions)){
    // convert to uppercase
    $word = ucfirst($word);
    }
    array_push($newwords, $word);
    }
    $string = join($delimiter, $newwords);
    }
    return     $string;
    }
    ?>
    up
    0
    turabgarip at gmail dot com
    6 months ago
    As with other string functions, there is a problem with Turkish "i" with this function. There is a bug report from 2015 about the issue but PHP team says "language-specific conditional special case mappings is not implemented", although actually it breaks the logic of the function and renders it non-usable for the purpose.

    https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=70072

    The problem arises from the letter "i" in Latin being a COMPLETELY different letter from "i" in Turkish. Turkish "ı" becomes "I" for capital; while Latin "I" capital is actually capital for "i" and not "ı".

    PHP takes this into consideration in some cases and ignores it in other cases; which causes an unpredictable behavior. When the letters in question is in the middle or at the beginning of a word, when some of multibyte chars are next to standard Latin chars or another multibyte character etc. These all behave differently, which is simply wrong.

    There are some user notes trying to cover this but not very efficiently. Because some of them doesn't cover word boundaries and some produce non-standard characters. Here is what I tested and have been using for quite a time:

    <?php

    function mb_convert_case_i(string $string, int $mode = MB_CASE_TITLE, string $encoding = 'UTF-8'): string {
    // Turkish "i" is a special case
    $string = match($mode) {
    MB_CASE_UPPER, MB_CASE_UPPER_SIMPLE => str_replace(['i', 'ı'], ['İ', 'I'], $string),
    MB_CASE_LOWER, MB_CASE_LOWER_SIMPLE => str_replace(['İ', 'I'], ['i', 'ı'], $string),
    // PHP behaves differently when i and ı are at the beginning of the word
    MB_CASE_TITLE, MB_CASE_TITLE_SIMPLE => preg_replace(['/İ/u', '/I/u', '/\b(i)/u'], ['i', 'ı', 'İ'], $string),
    default =>     $string,
    };
    return     mb_convert_case($string, $mode, $encoding);
    }

    ?>

    As you have noticed, it uses match syntax which requires PHP 8. For lower versions, you can replace it with switch properly. I haven't tested it for case folding. If you need it, just add another condition to the match.
    up
    0
    tavhane at gmail dot com
    6 years ago
    for turkish simple:

    $str = mb_convert_case(str_replace(['i','I'], ['İ','ı'], $str), MB_CASE_TITLE,"UTF-8");
    up
    -2
    Anonymous
    2 years ago
    $str = "Τάχιστη αλώπηξ βαφής ψημένη γη, δρασκελίζει υπέρ νωθρού κυνός";
    $str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
    this convertation does not give the example that you already post
    but this one

    $str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
    "ΤΆΧΙΣΤΗ ΑΛΏΠΗΞ ΒΑΦΉΣ ΨΗΜΈΝΗ ΓΗ, ΔΡΑΣΚΕΛΊΖΕΙ ΥΠΈΡ ΝΩΘΡΟΎ ΚΥΝΌΣ"
    up
    -3
    webenformasyon at gmail dot com
    6 years ago
    for turkish language I => i and i => I conversion is a problem. It must be I => ı and i => İ so my simple solution is

    public function title_case_turkish($str){


    $str = str_replace("i", "İ", $str);
    $str = str_replace("I", "ı", $str);

    $str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_TITLE,"UTF-8");

    return $str;

    }
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