round

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

round — 浮動小数点数を丸める

説明

round(int|float $num, int $precision = 0, int $mode = PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP): float

num を、指定した precision(小数点以下の桁数)に丸めた値を返します。precision を負またはゼロ(デフォルト) とすることも可能です。

パラメータ

num

丸める値。

precision

オプションで指定する、丸める桁数。

precision が正の値の場合、 num は小数点以下、有効桁数 precision 桁に丸められます。

precision が負の場合、 num の丸め処理は小数点より前の precision 桁に対して行われます。つまり、一番近い pow(10, -$precision) の倍数に丸められます。たとえば、precision が -1 の場合、 num は一番近い10の倍数に、 precision が -2 の場合は一番近い100の倍数に丸められる、という具合です。

mode

次の定数のいずれかを使って、丸めのモードを指定します。

定数	説明
`PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP`	端数が5(半分)の場合、 `num` をゼロから離れる方向に丸めます。 1.5 は 2 に、そして -1.5 は -2 になります。
`PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN`	端数が5(半分)の場合、 `num` をゼロに近づく方向に丸めます。 1.5 は 1 に、そして -1.5 は -1 になります。
`PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN`	端数が5(半分)の場合、 `num` をもっとも近い偶数に丸めます。 1.5 や 2.5 は 2 になります。
`PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD`	端数が5(半分)の場合、 `num` をもっとも近い奇数に丸めます。 1.5 は 1 に、そして 2.5 は 3 になります。

戻り値

precision で与えられた精度に丸められた値を float で返します。

変更履歴

バージョン	説明
8.0.0	`num` は、数値への変換をサポートした内部オブジェクトを受け入れなくなりました。

例

例1 round() の例

<?php
var_dump(round(3.4));
var_dump(round(3.5));
var_dump(round(3.6));
var_dump(round(3.6, 0));
var_dump(round(5.045, 2));
var_dump(round(5.055, 2));
var_dump(round(345, -2));
var_dump(round(345, -3));
var_dump(round(678, -2));
var_dump(round(678, -3));
?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。

float(3)
float(4)
float(4)
float(4)
float(5.05)
float(5.06)
float(300)
float(0)
float(700)
float(1000)

例2 precision が、どうfloatの値に影響するか

<?php
$number = 135.79;

var_dump(round($number, 3));
var_dump(round($number, 2));
var_dump(round($number, 1));
var_dump(round($number, 0));
var_dump(round($number, -1));
var_dump(round($number, -2));
var_dump(round($number, -3));
?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。

float(135.79)
float(135.79)
float(135.8)
float(136)
float(140)
float(100)
float(0)

例3 mode の例

<?php
echo 'Rounding modes with 9.5' . PHP_EOL;
var_dump(round(9.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP));
var_dump(round(9.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN));
var_dump(round(9.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN));
var_dump(round(9.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD));

echo PHP_EOL;
echo 'Rounding modes with 8.5' . PHP_EOL;
var_dump(round(8.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP));
var_dump(round(8.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN));
var_dump(round(8.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN));
var_dump(round(8.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD));
?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。

Rounding modes with 9.5
float(10)
float(9)
float(10)
float(9)

Rounding modes with 8.5
float(9)
float(8)
float(8)
float(9)

例4 桁数を指定した mode の例

<?php
echo 'Using PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP with 1 decimal digit precision' . PHP_EOL;
var_dump(round( 1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP));
var_dump(round(-1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP));

echo PHP_EOL;
echo 'Using PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN with 1 decimal digit precision' . PHP_EOL;
var_dump(round( 1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN));
var_dump(round(-1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN));

echo PHP_EOL;
echo 'Using PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN with 1 decimal digit precision' . PHP_EOL;
var_dump(round( 1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN));
var_dump(round(-1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN));

echo PHP_EOL;
echo 'Using PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD with 1 decimal digit precision' . PHP_EOL;
var_dump(round( 1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD));
var_dump(round(-1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD));
?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。

Using PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP with 1 decimal digit precision
float(1.6)
float(-1.6)

Using PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN with 1 decimal digit precision
float(1.5)
float(-1.5)

Using PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN with 1 decimal digit precision
float(1.6)
float(-1.6)

Using PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD with 1 decimal digit precision
float(1.5)
float(-1.5)

参考

ceil() - 端数の切り上げ
floor() - 端数の切り捨て
number_format() - 数字を千の位毎にグループ化してフォーマットする

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User Contributed Notes 13 notes

down

324

takingsides at gmail dot com ¶

10 years ago

In my opinion this function lacks two flags:

- PHP_ROUND_UP - Always round up.
- PHP_ROUND_DOWN - Always round down.

In accounting, it's often necessary to always round up, or down to a precision of thousandths.

<?php
function round_up($number, $precision = 2)
{
    $fig = (int) str_pad('1', $precision, '0');
    return (ceil($number * $fig) / $fig);
}

function round_down($number, $precision = 2)
{
    $fig = (int) str_pad('1', $precision, '0');
    return (floor($number * $fig) / $fig);
}
?>

down

depaula at unilogica dot com ¶

8 years ago

As PHP doesn't have a a native number truncate function, this is my solution - a function that can be usefull if you need truncate instead round a number.

<?php
/**
 * Truncate a float number, example: <code>truncate(-1.49999, 2); // returns -1.49
 * truncate(.49999, 3); // returns 0.499
 * </code>
 * @param float $val Float number to be truncate
 * @param int f Number of precision
 * @return float
 */
function truncate($val, $f="0")
{
    if(($p = strpos($val, '.')) !== false) {
        $val = floatval(substr($val, 0, $p + 1 + $f));
    }
    return $val;
}
?>

Originally posted in http://stackoverflow.com/a/12710283/1596489

down

slimusgm at gmail dot com ¶

10 years ago

If you have negative zero and you need return positive number simple add +0:

$number = -2.38419e-07;
var_dump(round($number,1));//float(-0)
var_dump(round($number,1) + 0);//float(0)

down

djcox99 at googlemail dot com ¶

11 years ago

I discovered that under some conditions you can get rounding errors with round when converting the number to a string afterwards.

To fix this I swapped round() for number_format().

Unfortunately i cant give an example (because the number cant be represented as a string !)

essentially I had round(0.688888889,2);

which would stay as 0.68888889 when printed as a string.

But using number_format it correctly became 0.69.

down

esion99 at gmail dot com ¶

10 years ago

Unexpected result or misunderstanding (php v5.5.9)

<?php

echo round(1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN); // 1.5
echo round(1.551, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN); //1.6

?>

down

craft at ckdevelop dot org ¶

11 years ago

function mround($val, $f=2, $d=6){
    return sprintf("%".$d.".".$f."f", $val);
}

echo mround(34.89999);  //34.90

down

twan at ecreation dot nl ¶

24 years ago

If you'd only want to round for displaying variables (not for calculating on the rounded result) then you should use printf with the float:



<?php printf ("%6.2f",3.39532); ?>



This returns: 3.40 .

down

Anonymous ¶

14 years ago

Here is function that rounds to a specified increment, but always up. I had to use it for price adjustment that always went up to $5 increments.



<?php  

function roundUpTo($number, $increments) {

    $increments = 1 / $increments;

    return (ceil($number * $increments) / $increments);

}

?>

down

christian at deligant dot net ¶

13 years ago

this function (as all mathematical operators) takes care of the setlocale setting, resulting in some weirdness when using the result where the english math notation is expected, as the printout of the result in a width: style attribute!



<?php

$a=3/4;

echo round($a, 2); // 0.75



setlocale(LC_ALL, 'it_IT@euro', 'it_IT', 'it');

$b=3/4;

echo round($b,2); // 0,75

?>

down

michaeldnelson dot mdn at gmail dot com ¶

15 years ago

This function will let you round to an arbitrary non-zero number.  Zero of course causes a division by zero.



<?php

function roundTo($number, $to){

    return round($number/$to, 0)* $to;

}



echo roundTo(87.23, 20); //80

echo roundTo(-87.23, 20); //-80

echo roundTo(87.23, .25); //87.25

echo roundTo(.23, .25); //.25

?>

down

greghenle at gmail dot com ¶

8 years ago

/**
 * Round to first significant digit
 * +N to +infinity
 * -N to -infinity
 *
 */
function round1stSignificant ( $N ) {
  if ( $N === 0 ) {
    return 0;
  }

  $x = floor ( log10 ( abs( $N ) ) );

  return ( $N > 0 )
    ? ceil( $N * pow ( 10, $x * -1 ) ) * pow( 10, $x )
    : floor( $N * pow ( 10, $x * -1 ) ) * pow( 10, $x );
}

echo round1stSignificant( 39144818 ) . PHP_EOL;
echo round1stSignificant( 124818 ) . PHP_EOL;
echo round1stSignificant( 0.07468 ) . PHP_EOL;
echo round1stSignificant( 0 ) . PHP_EOL;
echo round1stSignificant( -0.07468 ) . PHP_EOL;

/**
 * Output
 * 
 * 40000000
 * 200000
 * 0.08
 * 0
 * -0.08
 * 
 */

down

php at silisoftware dot com ¶

22 years ago

Here's a function to round to an arbitary number of significant digits. Don't confuse it with rounding to a negative precision - that counts back from the decimal point, this function counts forward from the Most Significant Digit.



ex:



<?php

round(1241757, -3); // 1242000

RoundSigDigs(1241757, 3); // 1240000

?>



Works on negative numbers too. $sigdigs should be >= 0



<?php

function RoundSigDigs($number, $sigdigs) {

    $multiplier = 1;

    while ($number < 0.1) {

        $number *= 10;

        $multiplier /= 10;

    }

    while ($number >= 1) {

        $number /= 10;

        $multiplier *= 10;

    }

    return round($number, $sigdigs) * $multiplier;

}

?>

down

dastra ¶

12 years ago

round() will sometimes return E notation when rounding a float when the amount is small enough - see  https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=44223 .  Apparently it's a feature.

To work around this "feature" when converting to a string, surround your round statement with an sprintf:

sprintf("%.10f", round( $amountToBeRounded, 10));

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