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Funções variáveis

O PHP suporta o conceito de funções variáveis. Isto significa que se um nome de variável tem parênteses no final dela, o PHP procurará uma função com o mesmo nome, qualquer que seja a avaliação da variável, e tentará executá-la. Entre outras coisas, isto pode ser usado para implementar callbacks, tabelas de função e assim por diante.

Funções variáveis não funcionam com construtores de linguagem como echo, print, unset(), isset(), empty(), include, require e outras assim. Utilize uma função de wrapper para usar quaisquer um destes construtores como uma função variável.

Exemplo #1 Exemplo de funções variáveis

<?php
function foo() {
echo
"Chamou foo()<br>\n";
}

function
bar($arg = '')
{
echo
"Chamou bar(); com argumento '$arg'.<br />\n";
}

// Essa é uma função wrapper para echo()
function echoit($string)
{
echo
$string;
}

$func = 'foo';
$func(); // Chama foo()

$func = 'bar';
$func('test'); // Chama bar()

$func = 'echoit';
$func('test'); // Chama echoit()
?>

Um método de um objeto também pode ser chamado com a sintaxe de funções variáveis.

Exemplo #2 Exemplo de chamada de um método variável

<?php
class Foo
{
function
MetodoVariavel()
{
$name = 'Bar';
$this->$name(); // Isto chama o método Bar()
}

function
Bar()
{
echo
"Bar foi chamada!";
}
}

$foo = new Foo();
$funcname = "MetodoVariavel";
$foo->$funcname(); // Isto chama $foo->MetodoVariavel()

?>

Quando chamando métodos estáticos, uma chamada de função tem preferência que uma propriedade estática.

Exemplo #3 Método variávei com propriedades estáticas

<?php
class Foo
{
static
$variable = 'propriedade estática';
static function
Variable()
{
echo
'Método chamado';
}
}

echo
Foo::$variable; // Isto imprime 'propriedade estática'. Ele busca $variable no escopo da classe.
$variable = "Variable";
Foo::$variable(); // Isto chama $foo->Variable(), lendo a $variable no escopo da chamada.

?>

Exemplo #4 Callables complexos

<?php
class Foo
{
static function
bar()
{
echo
"bar\n";
}
function
baz()
{
echo
"baz\n";
}
}

$func = array("Foo", "bar");
$func(); // prints "bar"
$func = array(new Foo, "baz");
$func(); // prints "baz"
$func = "Foo::bar";
$func(); // prints "bar"
?>

adicione uma nota

Notas Enviadas por Usuários (em inglês) 3 notes

up
22
niemans at pbsolo dot nl
5 years ago
While the documentation suggests that the use of a constant is similar to the use of a variable, there is an exception regarding variable functions. You cannot use a constant as the function name to call a variable function.

const DEBUGME ='func';
function func($s) { echo $s. "\n"; }

DEBUGME('abc'); // results in a syntax error

$call = DEBUGME;
$call('abc'); // does the job

But you can use a constant as an argument to a function. Here's a simple workaround when you need to call a variable constant function:

function dynamic($what, $with)
{
$what($with);
}
dynamic(DEBUGME, 'abc');

This makes sense to me to hide API's and/or long (complicated) static calls.
Enjoy!
up
2
rnealxp at yahoo dot com
4 years ago
<?php
/*
You might have found yourself at this php variable functions page because, like me, you wanted to pass functions
around like objects to client objects as you can in JavaScript. The issue I ran into was although
I could call a function using a variable like this " $v(); "...I could not do it like this " $obj->p() " where
'p' is a property containing the name of the method to call. Did not want to save my property off to a variable prior
to making my call: " $v = $obj->p; $v(); "; even if one finds a way, the below applies...

I credit this expanded work to this person: tatarynowicz at gmail dot com;
without them I would not have gotten here.
*/
interface iface_dynamic_members{
//Use of this interface enables type-hinting for objects that implement it.
public function __call($name, $args);
public function
__set($name, $value);
public function
quietly_fail():bool;
}
trait
trait_has_dynamic_members{
//Implementing these magic methods in the form of a trait, frees the client object up
//so it can still inherit from a parent-class.
public function __call($name, $args) {
if (
is_callable($this->$name)) {
return
call_user_func($this->$name, $args);
}
else {
//Your dynamic-membered object can declare itself as willing to ignore non-existent method calls or not.
if($this->quietly_fail()===true){
echo
'Method does not exist, but I do not mind.';
}else{
echo
'Method does not exist, I consider this a bug.';
}
}
}
public function
__set($name, $value) {
$this->$name = is_callable($value) ? $value->bindTo($this, $this): $value; //Assignment using ternary operator.
}
}
abstract class
MBR_ATTR{
//A class full of attributes that objects can take on; abstract since not to be instantiated (If I could make it "final" as well, I would).
public static function is_a_walker(iface_dynamic_members $obj, ?string $walker_type='normal pace'){
$obj->walker_type = $walker_type;
$obj->walker_walk = function() {
return
"I am walking {$this->walker_type}.";
};
}
public static function
is_a_runner(iface_dynamic_members $obj, string $runner_type){
$obj->runner_type = $runner_type;
$obj->runner_run = function() {
return
"I am running {$this->runner_type}.";
};
self::is_a_walker($obj); //If can run, also can walk.
}
}
class
cls_partly_dynamic implements iface_dynamic_members{
use
trait_has_dynamic_members;
public function
quietly_fail():bool{
return
true;
}
}
// Report all errors except E_NOTICE
error_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE); //Enable all error-reporting except notices.
//----
//config runner object...
$obj_runner = new cls_partly_dynamic();
MBR_ATTR::is_a_runner($obj_runner, 'fast');
$obj_runner->runner_type = 'a bit slow';
//----
//config walker object...
$obj_walker = new cls_partly_dynamic();
MBR_ATTR::is_a_walker($obj_walker, 'slow');
$obj_walker->walker_type = 'super fast';
//----
//Do stuff...
echo 'walker in action...' . '<br>';
echo
$obj_walker->walker_walk() . '<br>';
echo
'<br>';
echo
'runner in action...' . '<br>';
echo
$obj_runner->walker_walk() . '<br>';
echo
$obj_runner->runner_run() . '<br>';
echo
$obj_runner->xxx() . '<br>'; //Try calling a non-existent method.
//I would agree that the above approach/technique is not always ideal, particulary due to the loss of code-completion in your
//IDE of choice; I would tend to use this approach for dynamic-programming in response to the user dictating processing steps via a UI.
?>
up
3
Anonymous
13 years ago
$ wget http://www.php.net/get/php_manual_en.tar.gz/from/a/mirror
$ grep -l "\$\.\.\." php-chunked-xhtml/function.*.html

List of functions that accept variable arguments.
<?php
array_diff_assoc
()
array_diff_key()
array_diff_uassoc()
array()
array_intersect_ukey()
array_map()
array_merge()
array_merge_recursive()
array_multisort()
array_push()
array_replace()
array_replace_recursive()
array_unshift()
call_user_func()
call_user_method()
compact()
dba_open()
dba_popen()
echo()
forward_static_call()
fprintf()
fscanf()
httprequestpool_construct()
ibase_execute()
ibase_set_event_handler()
ibase_wait_event()
isset()
list()
maxdb_stmt_bind_param()
maxdb_stmt_bind_result()
mb_convert_variables()
newt_checkbox_tree_add_item()
newt_grid_h_close_stacked()
newt_grid_h_stacked()
newt_grid_v_close_stacked()
newt_grid_v_stacked()
newt_win_choice()
newt_win_entries()
newt_win_menu()
newt_win_message()
newt_win_ternary()
pack()
printf()
register_shutdown_function()
register_tick_function()
session_register()
setlocale()
sprintf()
sscanf()
unset()
var_dump()
w32api_deftype()
w32api_init_dtype()
w32api_invoke_function()
wddx_add_vars()
wddx_serialize_vars()
?>
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