PHP Conference Nagoya 2025

Closure::bindTo

(PHP 5 >= 5.4.0, PHP 7, PHP 8)

Closure::bindTo 用特定的绑定对象和类作用域复制闭包。

说明

public Closure::bindTo(?object $newThis, object|string|null $newScope = "static"): ?Closure

创建并返回一个 匿名函数, 它与当前对象的函数体相同、绑定了同样变量,但可以绑定不同的对象,也可以绑定新的类作用域。

“绑定的对象”决定了函数体中的 $this 的取值,“类作用域”代表一个类型、决定在这个匿名函数中能够调用哪些 private 和 protected 的方法。 也就是说,此时 $this 可以调用的方法,与 newScope 类的成员函数是相同的。

静态闭包不能有绑定的对象( newThis 参数的值应该设为 null)不过仍然可以用 bindTo 方法来改变它们的类作用域。

此方法确保对于非静态闭包,拥有绑定实例也意味着被限定作用域,反之亦然。 为此,非静态闭包给定一个 null 实例的作用域可以使其变为静态, 非静态无作用域的闭包给定一个非 null 的实例作用在一个非指定类。

注意:

如果你只是想要复制一个匿名函数,可以用 cloning 代替。

参数

newThis

绑定给匿名函数的一个对象,或者 null 来取消绑定。

newScope

关联到匿名函数的类作用域,或者 'static' 保持当前状态。如果是一个对象,则使用这个对象的类型为新的类作用域。 这会决定绑定的对象的 保护、私有成员 方法的可见性。 不允许内部类(的对象)作为参数传递。

返回值

返回新创建的 Closure 对象, 或者失败时返回 null

示例

示例 #1 Closure::bindTo() 实例

<?php

class A
{
private
$val;

public function
__construct($val)
{
$this->val = $val;
}

public function
getClosure()
{
// 返回绑定到此对象和作用域的闭包
return function() {
return
$this->val;
};
}
}

$ob1 = new A(1);
$ob2 = new A(2);

$cl = $ob1->getClosure();
echo
$cl(), "\n";

$cl = $cl->bindTo($ob2);
echo
$cl(), "\n";

?>

以上示例的输出类似于:

1
2

参见

添加备注

用户贡献的备注 8 notes

up
43
Nezar Fadle
9 years ago
We can use the concept of bindTo to write a very small Template Engine:

#############
index.php
############

<?php

class Article{
private
$title = "This is an article";
}

class
Post{
private
$title = "This is a post";
}

class
Template{

function
render($context, $tpl){

$closure = function($tpl){
ob_start();
include
$tpl;
return
ob_end_flush();
};

$closure = $closure->bindTo($context, $context);
$closure($tpl);

}

}

$art = new Article();
$post = new Post();
$template = new Template();

$template->render($art, 'tpl.php');
$template->render($post, 'tpl.php');
?>

#############
tpl.php
############
<h1><?php echo $this->title;?></h1>
up
36
tatarynowicz at gmail dot com
11 years ago
You can do pretty Javascript-like things with objects using closure binding:

<?php
trait DynamicDefinition {

public function
__call($name, $args) {
if (
is_callable($this->$name)) {
return
call_user_func($this->$name, $args);
}
else {
throw new
\RuntimeException("Method {$name} does not exist");
}
}

public function
__set($name, $value) {
$this->$name = is_callable($value)?
$value->bindTo($this, $this):
$value;
}
}

class
Foo {
use
DynamicDefinition;
private
$privateValue = 'I am private';
}

$foo = new Foo;
$foo->bar = function() {
return
$this->privateValue;
};

// prints 'I am private'
print $foo->bar();

?>
up
20
safakozpinar at gmail dot com
12 years ago
Private/protected members are accessible if you set the "newscope" argument (as the manual says).

<?php
$fn
= function(){
return ++
$this->foo; // increase the value
};

class
Bar{
private
$foo = 1; // initial value
}

$bar = new Bar();

$fn1 = $fn->bindTo($bar, 'Bar'); // specify class name
$fn2 = $fn->bindTo($bar, $bar); // or object

echo $fn1(); // 2
echo $fn2(); // 3
up
5
Anonymous
6 years ago
If you want to unbind completely the closure and the scope you need to set both to null:

<?php
class MyClass
{
public
$foo = 'a';
protected
$bar = 'b';
private
$baz = 'c';

/**
* @return array
*/
public function toArray()
{
// Only public variables
return (function ($obj) {
return
get_object_vars($obj);
})->
bindTo(null, null)($this);
}
}
?>

In this example, only the public variables of the class are exported (foo).

If you use the default scope (->bindTo(null)) also protected and private variables are exported (foo, bar and baz).

It was hard to figure it out because there is nowhere mentioned in the documentation that you can use null as a scope.
up
3
luc at s dot illi dot be
8 years ago
Access private members of parent classes; playing with the scopes:
<?PHP
class Grandparents{ private $__status1 = 'married'; }
class
Parents extends Grandparents{ private $__status2 = 'divorced'; }
class
Me extends Parents{ private $__status3 = 'single'; }

$status1_3 = function()
{
$this->__status1 = 'happy';
$this->__status2 = 'happy';
$this->__status3 = 'happy';
};

$status1_2 = function()
{
$this->__status1 = 'happy';
$this->__status2 = 'happy';
};

// test 1:
$c = $status1_3->bindTo($R = new Me, Parents::class);
#$c(); // Fatal: Cannot access private property Me::$__status3

// test 2:
$d = $status1_2->bindTo($R = new Me, Parents::class);
$d();
var_dump($R);
/*
object(Me)#5 (4) {
["__status3":"Me":private]=>
string(6) "single"
["__status2":"Parents":private]=>
string(5) "happy"
["__status1":"Grandparents":private]=>
string(7) "married"
["__status1"]=>
string(5) "happy"
}
*/

// test 3:
$e = $status1_3->bindTo($R = new Me, Grandparents::class);
#$e(); // Fatal: Cannot access private property Me::$__status3

// test 4:
$f = $status1_2->bindTo($R = new Me, Grandparents::class);
$f();
var_dump($R);
/*
object(Me)#9 (4) {
["__status3":"Me":private]=>
string(6) "single"
["__status2":"Parents":private]=>
string(8) "divorced"
["__status1":"Grandparents":private]=>
string(5) "happy"
["__status2"]=>
string(5) "happy"
}
*/
?>

Clear the stack trace:
<?PHP
use Exception;
use
ReflectionException;

$c = function()
{
$this->trace = [];
};

$c = $c->bindTo($R = new ReflectionException, Exception::class);
$c();

try
{
throw
$R;
}
catch(
ReflectionException $R)
{
var_dump($R->getTrace());
}
/*
array(0) {
}
*/
?>
up
8
amica at php-resource dot de
12 years ago
With rebindable $this at hand it's possible to do evil stuff:

<?php
class A {
private
$a = 12;
private function
getA () {
return
$this->a;
}
}
class
B {
private
$b = 34;
private function
getB () {
return
$this->b;
}
}
$a = new A();
$b = new B();
$c = function () {
if (
property_exists($this, "a") && method_exists($this, "getA")) {
$this->a++;
return
$this->getA();
}
if (
property_exists($this, "b") && method_exists($this, "getB")) {
$this->b++;
return
$this->getB();
}
};
$ca = $c->bindTo($a, $a);
$cb = $c->bindTo($b, $b);
echo
$ca(), "\n"; // => 13
echo $cb(), "\n"; // => 35
?>
up
0
malferov at gmail dot com
1 year ago
If you, like me, did not immediately understand what exactly "(an object of) an internal class" in the documentation about the 'newScope' parameter:

By an internal class, the documentation means any internal PHP class such as 'stdClass', 'Closure', 'WeakMap', and etc:

<?php

class A {}
$a = new A();
$closure = fn() => null;

$binded = $closure->bindTo($a, 'stdClass',); // Cannot bind closure to scope of internal class stdClass
$binded = $closure->bindTo($a, $closure,); // Warning: Cannot bind closure to scope of internal class Closure etc.
up
0
Olexandr Kalaidzhy
2 years ago
Get all object vars without using Reflection:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

class
A
{
private
$foo = 'foo';
protected
$bar = 'bar';
public
$buz = 'buz';
}

function
get_object_vars_all($object): array
{
if (!
\is_object($object)) {
throw new
\InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('The argument should be an object, "%s" given.', get_debug_type($object)));
}

$closure = function () {
return
get_object_vars($this);
};

return
$closure->bindTo($object, $object)();
}

$a = new A();

var_dump(get_object_vars($a));
var_dump(get_object_vars_all($a));

?>

The output:

array(1) {
["buz"]=>
string(3) "buz"
}
array(3) {
["foo"]=>
string(3) "foo"
["bar"]=>
string(3) "bar"
["buz"]=>
string(3) "buz"
}
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