If you'd like to understand pack/unpack. There is a tutorial here in perl, that works equally well in understanding it for php:
http://perldoc.perl.org/perlpacktut.html
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
pack — 将数据打包成二进制字符串
将输入参数打包成 format 格式的二进制字符串。
这个函数的思想来自 Perl，所有格式化代码（format）的工作原理都与
Perl 相同。 但是，缺少了部分格式代码，比如 Perl 的 “u”。
注意，有符号值和无符号值之间的区别只影响函数 unpack()，在那些使用有符号和无符号格式代码的地方 pack() 函数产生相同的结果。
format
format
字符串由格式代码组成，后面跟着一个可选的重复参数。重复参数可以是一个整数值或者
* 值来重复到输入数据的末尾。对于 a, A, h, H
格式化代码，其后的重复参数指定了给定数据将会被使用几个字符串。对于
@，其后的数字表示放置剩余数据的绝对定位（之前的数据将会被空字符串填充），对于其他所有内容，重复数量指定消耗多少个数据参数并将其打包到生成的二进制字符串中。
目前已实现的格式如下：
| 代码 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| a | 以 NUL 字节填充字符串 |
| A | 以 SPACE(空格) 填充字符串 |
| h | 十六进制字符串，低位在前 |
| H | 十六进制字符串，高位在前 |
| c | 有符号字符 |
| C | 无符号字符 |
| s | 有符号短整型(16位，主机字节序) |
| S | 无符号短整型(16位，主机字节序) |
| n | 无符号短整型(16位，大端字节序) |
| v | 无符号短整型(16位，小端字节序) |
| i | 有符号整型(机器相关大小字节序) |
| I | 无符号整型(机器相关大小字节序) |
| l | 有符号长整型(32位，主机字节序) |
| L | 无符号长整型(32位，主机字节序) |
| N | 无符号长整型(32位，大端字节序) |
| V | 无符号长整型(32位，小端字节序) |
| q | 有符号长长整型(64位，主机字节序) |
| Q | 无符号长长整型(64位，主机字节序) |
| J | 无符号长长整型(64位，大端字节序) |
| P | 无符号长长整型(64位，小端字节序) |
| f | 单精度浮点型(机器相关大小) |
| g | 单精度浮点型(机器相关大小，小端字节序) |
| G | 单精度浮点型(机器相关大小，大端字节序) |
| d | 双精度浮点型(机器相关大小) |
| e | 双精度浮点型(机器相关大小，小端字节序) |
| E | 双精度浮点型(机器相关大小，大端字节序) |
| x | NUL 字节 |
| X | 回退一字节 |
| Z | 以 NUL 字节填充字符串空白 |
| @ | NUL 填充到绝对位置 |
values
返回包含数据的二进制字符串。
| 版本 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 8.0.0 |
此函数不再在失败时返回 false 。
|
| 7.2.0 | float 和 double 类型支持大端和小端。 |
| 7.0.15，7.1.1 | 添加了 “e”,“E”,“g” 和 “G” 代码以启用 float 和 double 的字节顺序支持。 |
示例 #1 pack() 范例
<?php
$binarydata = pack("nvc*", 0x1234, 0x5678, 65, 66);
?>输出结果为长度为 6 字节的二进制字符串，包含以下序列 0x12, 0x34, 0x78, 0x56, 0x41, 0x42。
Note that PHP internally stores int values as
signed values of a machine-dependent size (C type long).
Integer literals and operations that yield numbers outside the bounds of the
int type will be stored as float.
When packing these floats as integers, they are first cast into the integer
type. This may or may not result in the desired byte pattern.
The most relevant case is when packing unsigned numbers that would
be representable with the int type if it were unsigned.
In systems where the int type has a 32-bit size, the cast
usually results in the same byte pattern as if the int were
unsigned (although this relies on implementation-defined unsigned to signed
conversions, as per the C standard). In systems where the
int type has 64-bit size, the float most
likely does not have a mantissa large enough to hold the value without
loss of precision. If those systems also have a native 64-bit C
int type (most UNIX-like systems don't), the only way to
use the I pack format in the upper range is to create
int negative values with the same byte representation
as the desired unsigned value.
If you'd like to understand pack/unpack. There is a tutorial here in perl, that works equally well in understanding it for php:
http://perldoc.perl.org/perlpacktut.htmlA helper class to convert integer to binary strings and vice versa. Useful for writing and reading integers to / from files or sockets.
<?php
class int_helper
{
public static function int8($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("c", $i) : unpack("c", $i)[1];
}
public static function uInt8($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("C", $i) : unpack("C", $i)[1];
}
public static function int16($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("s", $i) : unpack("s", $i)[1];
}
public static function uInt16($i, $endianness=false) {
$f = is_int($i) ? "pack" : "unpack";
if ($endianness === true) { // big-endian
$i = $f("n", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === false) { // little-endian
$i = $f("v", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === null) { // machine byte order
$i = $f("S", $i);
}
return is_array($i) ? $i[1] : $i;
}
public static function int32($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("l", $i) : unpack("l", $i)[1];
}
public static function uInt32($i, $endianness=false) {
$f = is_int($i) ? "pack" : "unpack";
if ($endianness === true) { // big-endian
$i = $f("N", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === false) { // little-endian
$i = $f("V", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === null) { // machine byte order
$i = $f("L", $i);
}
return is_array($i) ? $i[1] : $i;
}
public static function int64($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("q", $i) : unpack("q", $i)[1];
}
public static function uInt64($i, $endianness=false) {
$f = is_int($i) ? "pack" : "unpack";
if ($endianness === true) { // big-endian
$i = $f("J", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === false) { // little-endian
$i = $f("P", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === null) { // machine byte order
$i = $f("Q", $i);
}
return is_array($i) ? $i[1] : $i;
}
}
?>
Usage example:
<?php
Header("Content-Type: text/plain");
include("int_helper.php");
echo int_helper::uInt8(0x6b) . PHP_EOL; // k
echo int_helper::uInt8(107) . PHP_EOL; // k
echo int_helper::uInt8("\x6b") . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; // 107
echo int_helper::uInt16(4101) . PHP_EOL; // \x05\x10
echo int_helper::uInt16("\x05\x10") . PHP_EOL; // 4101
echo int_helper::uInt16("\x05\x10", true) . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; // 1296
echo int_helper::uInt32(2147483647) . PHP_EOL; // \xff\xff\xff\x7f
echo int_helper::uInt32("\xff\xff\xff\x7f") . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; // 2147483647
// Note: Test this with 64-bit build of PHP
echo int_helper::uInt64(9223372036854775807) . PHP_EOL; // \xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x7f
echo int_helper::uInt64("\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x7f") . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; // 9223372036854775807
?>Note that the the upper command in perl looks like this:
$binarydata = pack ("n v c*", 0x1234, 0x5678, 65, 66);
In PHP it seems that no whitespaces are allowed in the first parameter. So if you want to convert your pack command from perl -> PHP, don't forget to remove the whitespaces!If you need to unpack a signed short from big-endian or little-endian specifically, instead of machine-byte-order, you need only unpack it as the unsigned form, and then if the result is >= 2^15, subtract 2^16 from it.
And example would be:
<?php
$foo = unpack("n", $signedbigendianshort);
$foo = $foo[1];
if($foo >= pow(2, 15)) $foo -= pow(2, 16);
?>/* Convert float from HostOrder to Network Order */
function FToN( $val )
{
$a = unpack("I",pack( "f",$val ));
return pack("N",$a[1] );
}
/* Convert float from Network Order to HostOrder */
function NToF($val )
{
$a = unpack("N",$val);
$b = unpack("f",pack( "I",$a[1]));
return $b[1];
}Be aware of format code H always padding the 0 for byte-alignment to the right (for odd count of nibbles).
So pack("H", "7") results in 0x70 (ASCII character 'p') and not in 0x07 (BELL character)
as well as pack("H*", "347") results in 0x34 ('4') and 0x70 ('p') and not 0x03 and 0x47.You will get the same effect with
<?php
function _readInt($fp)
{
return unpack('V', fread($fp, 4));
}
?>
or unpack('N', ...) for big-endianness.Even though in a 64-bit architecure intval(6123456789) = 6123456789, and sprintf('%b', 5000000000) = 100101010000001011111001000000000
pack will not treat anything passed to it as 64-bit. If you want to pack a 64-bit integer:
<?php
$big = 5000000000;
$left = 0xffffffff00000000;
$right = 0x00000000ffffffff;
$l = ($big & $left) >>32;
$r = $big & $right;
$good = pack('NN', $l, $r);
$urlsafe = str_replace(array('+','/'), array('-','_'), base64_encode($good));
//done!
//rebuild:
$unurl = str_replace(array('-','_'), array('+','/'), $urlsafe);
$binary = base64_decode($unurl);
$set = unpack('N2', $tmp);
print_r($set);
$original = $set[1] << 32 | $set[2];
echo $original, "\\r\\n";
?>
results in:
Array
(
[1] => 1
[2] => 705032704
)
5000000000
but ONLY on a 64-bit enabled machine and PHP distro.pack()
h Hex string, low nibble first (not same hex2bin())
H Hex string, high nibble first (same hex2bin())Using pack to write Arabic char(s) to a file.
<?php
$text = "㔆㘆㘆";
$text = mb_convert_encoding($text, "UCS-2BE", "HTML-ENTITIES");
$len = mb_strlen($text);
$bom = mb_convert_encoding("", "unicode", "HTML-ENTITIES");
$fp = fopen('text.txt', 'w');
fwrite($fp, pack('a2', $bom));
fwrite($fp, pack("a{$len}", $text));
fwrite($fp, pack('a2', $bom));
fwrite($fp, pack('a2', "\n"));
fclose($fp);
?>