PHP 8.4.2 Released!

    set_error_handler

    (PHP 4 >= 4.0.1, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

    set_error_handler — 设置用户自定义的错误处理函数

    说明

    set_error_handler(?callable $callback, int $error_levels = E_ALL): ?callable

    设置用户的函数 (callback) 来处理脚本中出现的错误。

    本函数可用于在运行时定义自定义错误处理程序，例如，在应用程序中发生严重错误，或者在特定条件下触发了错误（使用 trigger_error()），应用程序需要执行文件/数据清理。

    重要的是要记住 error_levels 里指定的错误类型都会绕过 PHP 标准错误处理程序， 除非回调函数返回了 false。 error_reporting() 设置将不会起到作用而继续会调用错误处理函数 —— 不过仍然可以获取 error_reporting 的当前值，并做适当处理。

    同时注意，处理程序有责任在必要时使用 exit() 停止脚本执行。 如果错误处理程序返回了，脚本将会在发生错误的后一行继续执行。

    以下级别的错误不能由用户定义的函数来处理，独立于发生错误的地方： E_ERROR、 E_PARSE、 E_CORE_ERROR、 E_CORE_WARNING、 E_COMPILE_ERROR、 E_COMPILE_WARNING，和在 调用 set_error_handler() 函数所在文件中产生的大多数 E_STRICT。

    如果错误发生在脚本执行之前（比如文件上传时），将不会 调用自定义的错误处理程序因为它尚未在那时注册。

    参数

    callback

    如果传递 null，则处理程序重置为默认状态。否则，处理程序是具有以下签名的回调。

    handler(
        int $errno,
        string $errstr,
        string $errfile = ?,
        int $errline = ?,
        array $errcontext = ?
    ): bool
    errno
    第一个参数 errno，将会以 int 形式传递错误的级别。
    errstr
    第二个参数 errstr，将会以 string 形式传递错误的信息。
    errfile
    如果回调接受第三个参数，errfile，将会以 string 形式传递错误的文件名。
    errline
    如果回调接受第四个参数，errline，将会以 int 形式传递错误发生的行号。
    errcontext
    如果回调接受第五个参数，errcontext 将会传递数组，该数组指向错误发生时活动符号表。也就是说，errcontext 会包含错误触发处作用域内所有变量的数组。用户的错误处理程序不应该修改错误上下文（context）。
    警告

    此参数自 PHP 7.2.0 后弃用并自 PHP 8.0.0 移除。如果函数没有为该参数定义默认值，那么在调用时会出现“too few arguments”的错误。

    如果函数返回 false，标准错误处理处理程序将会继续调用。

    error_levels

    就像 error_reporting 的 ini 设置能够控制错误的显示一样，此参数能够用于屏蔽 callback 的触发。如果没有该掩码，无论 error_reporting 是如何设置的，callback 都会在每个错误发生时被调用。

    返回值

    如果之前定义的错误处理程序（如果有）。如果是内置的错误处理程序，则返回 null。如果之前的错误处理程序是一个类的方法，此函数会返回带类和方法名的索引数组。

    更新日志

    版本 说明
    8.0.0 删除 errcontext 并不再传递给用户回调。
    7.2.0 errcontext 被废弃。使用此参数时会导致 E_DEPRECATED 提醒。

    示例

    示例 #1 用 set_error_handler() 和 trigger_error() 进行错误处理

    以下示例展示了通过触发错误并以用户自定义的程序来进行内部异常的处理。

    <?php
    // error handler function
    function myErrorHandler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline)
    {
    if (!(    error_reporting() & $errno)) {
    // This error code is not included in error_reporting, so let it fall
    // through to the standard PHP error handler
    return false;
    }

    // $errstr may need to be escaped:
    $errstr = htmlspecialchars($errstr);

    switch (    $errno) {
    case     E_USER_ERROR:
    echo     "<b>My ERROR</b> [$errno] $errstr<br />\n";
    echo     " Fatal error on line $errline in file $errfile";
    echo     ", PHP " . PHP_VERSION . " (" . PHP_OS . ")<br />\n";
    echo     "Aborting...<br />\n";
    exit(    1);

    case     E_USER_WARNING:
    echo     "<b>My WARNING</b> [$errno] $errstr<br />\n";
    break;

    case     E_USER_NOTICE:
    echo     "<b>My NOTICE</b> [$errno] $errstr<br />\n";
    break;

    default:
    echo     "Unknown error type: [$errno] $errstr<br />\n";
    break;
    }

    /* Don't execute PHP internal error handler */
    return true;
    }

    // function to test the error handling
    function scale_by_log($vect, $scale)
    {
    if (!    is_numeric($scale) || $scale <= 0) {
    trigger_error("log(x) for x <= 0 is undefined, you used: scale = $scale", E_USER_ERROR);
    }

    if (!    is_array($vect)) {
    trigger_error("Incorrect input vector, array of values expected", E_USER_WARNING);
    return     null;
    }

    $temp = array();
    foreach(    $vect as $pos => $value) {
    if (!    is_numeric($value)) {
    trigger_error("Value at position $pos is not a number, using 0 (zero)", E_USER_NOTICE);
    $value = 0;
    }
    $temp[$pos] = log($scale) * $value;
    }

    return     $temp;
    }

    // set to the user defined error handler
    $old_error_handler = set_error_handler("myErrorHandler");

    // trigger some errors, first define a mixed array with a non-numeric item
    echo "vector a\n";
    $a = array(2, 3, "foo", 5.5, 43.3, 21.11);
    print_r($a);

    // now generate second array
    echo "----\nvector b - a notice (b = log(PI) * a)\n";
    /* Value at position $pos is not a number, using 0 (zero) */
    $b = scale_by_log($a, M_PI);
    print_r($b);

    // this is trouble, we pass a string instead of an array
    echo "----\nvector c - a warning\n";
    /* Incorrect input vector, array of values expected */
    $c = scale_by_log("not array", 2.3);
    var_dump($c); // NULL

    // this is a critical error, log of zero or negative number is undefined
    echo "----\nvector d - fatal error\n";
    /* log(x) for x <= 0 is undefined, you used: scale = $scale" */
    $d = scale_by_log($a, -2.5);
    var_dump($d); // Never reached
    ?>

    以上示例的输出类似于：

    vector a
Array
(
    [0] => 2
    [1] => 3
    [2] => foo
    [3] => 5.5
    [4] => 43.3
    [5] => 21.11
)
----
vector b - a notice (b = log(PI) * a)
<b>My NOTICE</b> [1024] Value at position 2 is not a number, using 0 (zero)<br />
Array
(
    [0] => 2.2894597716988
    [1] => 3.4341896575482
    [2] => 0
    [3] => 6.2960143721717
    [4] => 49.566804057279
    [5] => 24.165247890281
)
----
vector c - a warning
<b>My WARNING</b> [512] Incorrect input vector, array of values expected<br />
NULL
----
vector d - fatal error
<b>My ERROR</b> [256] log(x) for x <= 0 is undefined, you used: scale = -2.5<br />
  Fatal error on line 35 in file trigger_error.php, PHP 5.2.1 (FreeBSD)<br />
Aborting...<br />

    参见

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    用户贡献的备注 35 notes

    up
    78
    Philip
    11 years ago
    By this function alone you can not catch fatal errors, there is a simple work around. Below is part of my error.php file which handles errors and exceptions in the application. Before someone complains I'll add that I do not care that I am using globals, this file is part of my mini framework and without the 'config' variable the application would crash anyways.

    <?php

    /**
    * Error handler, passes flow over the exception logger with new ErrorException.
    */
    function log_error( $num, $str, $file, $line, $context = null )
    {
    log_exception( new ErrorException( $str, 0, $num, $file, $line ) );
    }

    /**
    * Uncaught exception handler.
    */
    function log_exception( Exception $e )
    {
    global     $config;

    if (     $config["debug"] == true )
    {
    print     "<div style='text-align: center;'>";
    print     "<h2 style='color: rgb(190, 50, 50);'>Exception Occured:</h2>";
    print     "<table style='width: 800px; display: inline-block;'>";
    print     "<tr style='background-color:rgb(230,230,230);'><th style='width: 80px;'>Type</th><td>" . get_class( $e ) . "</td></tr>";
    print     "<tr style='background-color:rgb(240,240,240);'><th>Message</th><td>{$e->getMessage()}</td></tr>";
    print     "<tr style='background-color:rgb(230,230,230);'><th>File</th><td>{$e->getFile()}</td></tr>";
    print     "<tr style='background-color:rgb(240,240,240);'><th>Line</th><td>{$e->getLine()}</td></tr>";
    print     "</table></div>";
    }
    else
    {
    $message = "Type: " . get_class( $e ) . "; Message: {$e->getMessage()}; File: {$e->getFile()}; Line: {$e->getLine()};";
    file_put_contents( $config["app_dir"] . "/tmp/logs/exceptions.log", $message . PHP_EOL, FILE_APPEND );
    header( "Location: {$config["error_page"]}" );
    }

    exit();
    }

    /**
    * Checks for a fatal error, work around for set_error_handler not working on fatal errors.
    */
    function check_for_fatal()
    {
    $error = error_get_last();
    if (     $error["type"] == E_ERROR )
    log_error( $error["type"], $error["message"], $error["file"], $error["line"] );
    }

    register_shutdown_function( "check_for_fatal" );
    set_error_handler( "log_error" );
    set_exception_handler( "log_exception" );
    ini_set( "display_errors", "off" );
    error_reporting( E_ALL );
    up
    47
    elad dot yosifon at gmail dot com
    11 years ago
    <?php
    /**
    * throw exceptions based on E_* error types
    */
    set_error_handler(function ($err_severity, $err_msg, $err_file, $err_line, array $err_context)
    {
    // error was suppressed with the @-operator
    if (0 === error_reporting()) { return false;}
    switch(    $err_severity)
    {
    case     E_ERROR: throw new ErrorException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    case     E_WARNING: throw new WarningException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    case     E_PARSE: throw new ParseException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    case     E_NOTICE: throw new NoticeException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    case     E_CORE_ERROR: throw new CoreErrorException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    case     E_CORE_WARNING: throw new CoreWarningException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    case     E_COMPILE_ERROR: throw new CompileErrorException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    case     E_COMPILE_WARNING: throw new CoreWarningException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    case     E_USER_ERROR: throw new UserErrorException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    case     E_USER_WARNING: throw new UserWarningException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    case     E_USER_NOTICE: throw new UserNoticeException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    case     E_STRICT: throw new StrictException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    case     E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR: throw new RecoverableErrorException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    case     E_DEPRECATED: throw new DeprecatedException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    case     E_USER_DEPRECATED: throw new UserDeprecatedException ($err_msg, 0, $err_severity, $err_file, $err_line);
    }
    });

    class     WarningException extends ErrorException {}
    class     ParseException extends ErrorException {}
    class     NoticeException extends ErrorException {}
    class     CoreErrorException extends ErrorException {}
    class     CoreWarningException extends ErrorException {}
    class     CompileErrorException extends ErrorException {}
    class     CompileWarningException extends ErrorException {}
    class     UserErrorException extends ErrorException {}
    class     UserWarningException extends ErrorException {}
    class     UserNoticeException extends ErrorException {}
    class     StrictException extends ErrorException {}
    class     RecoverableErrorException extends ErrorException {}
    class     DeprecatedException extends ErrorException {}
    class     UserDeprecatedException extends ErrorException {}
    up
    18
    aditycse at gmail dot com
    8 years ago
    <?php
    /**
    * Used for logging all php notices,warings and etc in a file when error reporting
    * is set and display_errors is off
    * @uses used in prod env for logging all type of error of php code in a file for further debugging
    * and code performance
    * @author Aditya Mehrotra<aditycse@gmail.com>
    */
    error_reporting(E_ALL);
    ini_set("display_errors", "off");
    define('ERROR_LOG_FILE', '/var/www/error.log');

    /**
    * Custom error handler
    * @param integer $code
    * @param string $description
    * @param string $file
    * @param interger $line
    * @param mixed $context
    * @return boolean
    */
    function handleError($code, $description, $file = null, $line = null, $context = null) {
    $displayErrors = ini_get("display_errors");
    $displayErrors = strtolower($displayErrors);
    if (    error_reporting() === 0 || $displayErrors === "on") {
    return     false;
    }
    list(    $error, $log) = mapErrorCode($code);
    $data = array(
    'level' => $log,
    'code' => $code,
    'error' => $error,
    'description' => $description,
    'file' => $file,
    'line' => $line,
    'context' => $context,
    'path' => $file,
    'message' => $error . ' (' . $code . '): ' . $description . ' in [' . $file . ', line ' . $line . ']'
    );
    return     fileLog($data);
    }

    /**
    * This method is used to write data in file
    * @param mixed $logData
    * @param string $fileName
    * @return boolean
    */
    function fileLog($logData, $fileName = ERROR_LOG_FILE) {
    $fh = fopen($fileName, 'a+');
    if (    is_array($logData)) {
    $logData = print_r($logData, 1);
    }
    $status = fwrite($fh, $logData);
    fclose($fh);
    return (    $status) ? true : false;
    }

    /**
    * Map an error code into an Error word, and log location.
    *
    * @param int $code Error code to map
    * @return array Array of error word, and log location.
    */
    function mapErrorCode($code) {
    $error = $log = null;
    switch (    $code) {
    case     E_PARSE:
    case     E_ERROR:
    case     E_CORE_ERROR:
    case     E_COMPILE_ERROR:
    case     E_USER_ERROR:
    $error = 'Fatal Error';
    $log = LOG_ERR;
    break;
    case     E_WARNING:
    case     E_USER_WARNING:
    case     E_COMPILE_WARNING:
    case     E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR:
    $error = 'Warning';
    $log = LOG_WARNING;
    break;
    case     E_NOTICE:
    case     E_USER_NOTICE:
    $error = 'Notice';
    $log = LOG_NOTICE;
    break;
    case     E_STRICT:
    $error = 'Strict';
    $log = LOG_NOTICE;
    break;
    case     E_DEPRECATED:
    case     E_USER_DEPRECATED:
    $error = 'Deprecated';
    $log = LOG_NOTICE;
    break;
    default :
    break;
    }
    return array(    $error, $log);
    }

    //calling custom error handler
    set_error_handler("handleError");

    print_r($arra); //undefined variable
    print_r($dssdfdfgg); //undefined variable
    include_once 'file.php'; //No such file or directory
    ?>
    up
    6
    steve962 at gmail dot com
    6 years ago
    Be careful when using the return value to this function. Because it returns the old handler, you may be tempted to do something like:

    <?php
    function do_something()
    {
    $old = set_error_handler(“my_error_handler”);
    // Do something you want handled by my_error_handler
    set_error_handler($old);
    }
    ?>

    This will work, but it will bite you because each time you do this, it will cause a memory leak as the old error handler is put on a stack for the restore_error_handler() function to use.

    So always restore the old error handler using that function instead:

    <?php
    function do_something()
    {
    set_error_handler(“my_error_handler”);
    // Do something you want handled by my_error_handler
    restore_error_handler();
    }
    ?>
    up
    9
    dannykopping at gmail dot com
    10 years ago
    Keep in mind that, when attempting to set a statically-defined error handler on a namespaced class in PHP >= 5.3, you need to use the class namespace:

    <?php
    set_error_handler    ('\\My\\Namespace\\Bob::errorHandler');
    ?>
    up
    2
    Klauss
    7 years ago
    Hi everyone. I don't know if it is an old behavior of previous versions, but currently you can set exception and error handlers as private or protected methos, if, only if, you call `set_exception_handler()` or `set_error_handler()` within a context that can access the method.

    Example:
    <?PHP
    $Handler     = new class ()
    {
    public function     __construct ()
    {
    set_error_handler([&$this, 'HandleError']);
    set_exception_handler([&$this, 'HandleException']);
    }
    protected function     HandleError ( $Code, $Message, $File = null, $Line = 0, $Context = [] )
    {
    // Handle error here.
    }
    private function     HandleException ( $Exception )
    {
    // Handle exception here.
    }
    }
    ?>

    NOTE: these methods must match the callbacks parameters signatures.
    up
    7
    Jacob Slomp
    11 years ago
    This might be handy if you don't want your clients to see the errors, and you do want to be one step ahead of them.

    It emails you the errors even if it's a parse error.

    set_error_handler() doesn't work for what I wanted.

    <?php
    ini_set    ('log_errors',TRUE);
    ini_set('error_log','tiny_uploads/errors.txt');

    if(    $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] != "YOUR IP ADDRESS"){
    ini_set('display_errors',false);
    }

    function     byebye(){

    $dir = dirname(__FILE__);
    if(    file_exists($dir."/tiny_uploads/errors.txt")){

    $errors = file_get_contents($dir."/tiny_uploads/errors.txt");

    if(    trim($errors)){

    $head = "From: php_errors@".str_replace('www.','',$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])."\r\n";

    $errors .= "---------------------------------------------\n\n";

    $errors .= "\n\nServer Info:\n\n".print_r($_SERVER, 1)."\n\n";
    $errors .= "---------------------------------------------\n\n";

    $errors .= "\n\nCOOKIE:\n\n".print_r($_COOKIE, 1)."\n\n";
    $errors .= "---------------------------------------------\n\n";

    $errors .= "\n\nPOST:\n\n".print_r($_POST, 1)."\n\n";
    $errors .= "---------------------------------------------\n\n";

    $errors .= "\n\nGET:\n\n".print_r($_GET, 1)."\n\n";


    mail("YOUR@EMAIL.COM","PHP Error ".$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']."", $errors , $head);

    $fp = fopen($dir."/tiny_uploads/errors.txt","w+");
    fputs($fp, "");
    fclose($fp);
    }
    }
    }
    register_shutdown_function("byebye");
    ?>
    up
    9
    kalle at meizo dot com
    15 years ago
    This may be of help to someone, who is/was looking for a way to get a backtrace of fatal errors such as maximum memory allocation issues, which can not be handled with user-defined functions, to pin-point the problem:

    On a server hosting many sites that share common PHP includes, I set in one spot:

    <?php
    @ini_set ("error_log", "/my/path/php.err-" . $_SERVER ["HTTP_HOST"] . "-" . $_SERVER ["REMOTE_ADDR"] . "-" . $_SERVER ["REQUEST_METHOD"] . "-" . str_replace ("/", "|", $_SERVER ["REQUEST_URI"]));
    ?>

    I actually used some additional information too from my software that I omitted, but that way, you'll find errors sorted more neatly in for example:-

    /my/path/php.err-website.com-127.0.0.1-GET-path|index.html?xyz

    And that at least helped me tremendously to then further pin-point where the problem is, as opposed to before just seeing the out of memory and not knowing which site/page it was on (as the PHP error only contains the very latest PHP code where it ran out of memory, which usually is just a shared included file, not the actual page).
    up
    3
    webmaster at paramiliar dot com
    16 years ago
    We needed to use an error handler to handle SQL errors while passing the query along so the query is also logged and this is what we came up with, its kind of an ugly bridge but it works 100%

    <?php

    function myErrorHandler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline){
    switch (    $errno) {
    case     E_USER_ERROR:
    if (    $errstr == "(SQL)"){
    // handling an sql error
    echo "<b>SQL Error</b> [$errno] " . SQLMESSAGE . "<br />\n";
    echo     "Query : " . SQLQUERY . "<br />\n";
    echo     "On line " . SQLERRORLINE . " in file " . SQLERRORFILE . " ";
    echo     ", PHP " . PHP_VERSION . " (" . PHP_OS . ")<br />\n";
    echo     "Aborting...<br />\n";
    } else {
    echo     "<b>My ERROR</b> [$errno] $errstr<br />\n";
    echo     " Fatal error on line $errline in file $errfile";
    echo     ", PHP " . PHP_VERSION . " (" . PHP_OS . ")<br />\n";
    echo     "Aborting...<br />\n";
    }
    exit(    1);
    break;

    case     E_USER_WARNING:
    case     E_USER_NOTICE:
    }
    /* Don't execute PHP internal error handler */
    return true;
    }

    // function to test the error handling

    function sqlerrorhandler($ERROR, $QUERY, $PHPFILE, $LINE){
    define("SQLQUERY", $QUERY);
    define("SQLMESSAGE", $ERROR);
    define("SQLERRORLINE", $LINE);
    define("SQLERRORFILE", $PHPFILE);
    trigger_error("(SQL)", E_USER_ERROR);
    }

    set_error_handler("myErrorHandler");

    // trigger an sql error
    $query = "SELECT * FROM tbl LIMIT 1";
    $sql = @mysql_query($query)
    or     sqlerrorhandler("(".mysql_errno().") ".mysql_error(), $query, $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'], __LINE__);


    ?>
    up
    6
    wfinn at riverbed dot com
    16 years ago
    "The following error types cannot be handled with a user defined function: E_ERROR, E_PARSE, E_CORE_ERROR, E_CORE_WARNING, E_COMPILE_ERROR, E_COMPILE_WARNING, and most of E_STRICT raised in the file where set_error_handler() is called."

    This is not exactly true. set_error_handler() can't handle them, but ob_start() can handle at least E_ERROR.

    <?php

    function error_handler($output)
    {
    $error = error_get_last();
    $output = "";
    foreach (    $error as $info => $string)
    $output .= "{$info}: {$string}\n";
    return     $output;
    }

    ob_start('error_handler');

    will_this_undefined_function_raise_an_error();

    ?>
    up
    6
    dorphalsig at NOSPAMgmail dot com
    13 years ago
    This actually works to catch Fatal errors...

    <?php
    function shutdown()
    {
    $a=error_get_last();
    if(    $a==null)
    echo     "No errors";
    else
    print_r($a);

    }
    register_shutdown_function('shutdown');
    ini_set('max_execution_time',1 );
    sleep(3);
    ?>

    it will output
    Array ( [type] => 1 [message] => Maximum execution time of 1 second exceeded [file] => /path/to/file_name.php [line] => 136 )
    up
    4
    nizamgok at gmail dot com
    15 years ago
    I have realized that a few people here mentioned that you cannot capture parse errors (type 4, E_PARSE). This is not true. Here is how I do. I hope this helps someone.

    1) Create a "auto_prepend.php" file in the web root and add this:

    <?php
    register_shutdown_function    ('error_alert');

    function     error_alert()
    {
    if(    is_null($e = error_get_last()) === false)
    {
    mail('your.email@example.com', 'Error from auto_prepend', print_r($e, true));
    }
    }
    ?>

    2) Then add this "php_value auto_prepend_file /www/auto_prepend.php" to your .htaccess file in the web root.

    * make sure you change the email address and the path to the file.
    up
    6
    silkensedai at online dot fr
    17 years ago
    i made an error handler that print also the backtrace and that can die on some errors. It can be useful if you want to die on every error you find.

    <?php

    function my_error_handler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline){
    $errno = $errno & error_reporting();
    if(    $errno == 0) return;
    if(!    defined('E_STRICT')) define('E_STRICT', 2048);
    if(!    defined('E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR')) define('E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR', 4096);
    print     "<pre>\n<b>";
    switch(    $errno){
    case     E_ERROR: print "Error"; break;
    case     E_WARNING: print "Warning"; break;
    case     E_PARSE: print "Parse Error"; break;
    case     E_NOTICE: print "Notice"; break;
    case     E_CORE_ERROR: print "Core Error"; break;
    case     E_CORE_WARNING: print "Core Warning"; break;
    case     E_COMPILE_ERROR: print "Compile Error"; break;
    case     E_COMPILE_WARNING: print "Compile Warning"; break;
    case     E_USER_ERROR: print "User Error"; break;
    case     E_USER_WARNING: print "User Warning"; break;
    case     E_USER_NOTICE: print "User Notice"; break;
    case     E_STRICT: print "Strict Notice"; break;
    case     E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR: print "Recoverable Error"; break;
    default: print     "Unknown error ($errno)"; break;
    }
    print     ":</b> <i>$errstr</i> in <b>$errfile</b> on line <b>$errline</b>\n";
    if(    function_exists('debug_backtrace')){
    //print "backtrace:\n";
    $backtrace = debug_backtrace();
    array_shift($backtrace);
    foreach(    $backtrace as $i=>$l){
    print     "[$i] in function <b>{$l['class']}{$l['type']}{$l['function']}</b>";
    if(    $l['file']) print " in <b>{$l['file']}</b>";
    if(    $l['line']) print " on line <b>{$l['line']}</b>";
    print     "\n";
    }
    }
    print     "\n</pre>";
    if(isset(    $GLOBALS['error_fatal'])){
    if(    $GLOBALS['error_fatal'] & $errno) die('fatal');
    }
    }

    function     error_fatal($mask = NULL){
    if(!    is_null($mask)){
    $GLOBALS['error_fatal'] = $mask;
    }elseif(!isset(    $GLOBALS['die_on'])){
    $GLOBALS['error_fatal'] = 0;
    }
    return     $GLOBALS['error_fatal'];
    }

    ?>

    Usage :

    <?php
    error_reporting    (E_ALL); // will report all errors
    set_error_handler('my_error_handler');
    error_fatal(E_ALL^E_NOTICE); // will die on any error except E_NOTICE
    ?>
    up
    2
    francois vespa
    14 years ago
    This is a note when using php from the terminal (the CLI interface). From the command line, even if you have some kind of error user handler function so STDERR will not display, fatal errors will still cause the PHP interpreter to display error text. There is nothing you can do about that php-wise. If using UNIX/Linux, you can add " 2>/dev/null" at the end of your command to force STDERR not to show
    up
    2
    Marcelius
    15 years ago
    Another way to catch PHP's fatal errors:

    <?php
    error_reporting    (E_ALL);
    ini_set('display_errors', 0);

    function     shutdown(){
    $isError = false;
    if (    $error = error_get_last()){
    switch(    $error['type']){
    case     E_ERROR:
    case     E_CORE_ERROR:
    case     E_COMPILE_ERROR:
    case     E_USER_ERROR:
    $isError = true;
    break;
    }
    }

    if (    $isError){
    echo     "Script execution halted ({$error['message']})";
    } else {
    echo     "Script completed";
    }
    }

    register_shutdown_function('shutdown');
    ?>

    Note that this will only catch runtime errors. So calling a method in a non existing class, or declaring a function twice does not trigger the shutdown handler.
    up
    3
    roy
    22 years ago
    Useful thing to note - if your error handler throws an error in itself, PHP is smart enough to use the deault error handler to handle it. This way, you don't end up in infinite flaming loops of death. This seems to be true, at least, in PHP 4.2.

    ('Course, there are ways to create your handler to handle even this situation, but it's probably best left this way for general purposes.)
    up
    2
    Anonymous
    18 years ago
    To honor the value of PHP's error_reporting() function, use:

    <?
    if( ($level & error_reporting()) == 0 ) return;
    ?>
    up
    7
    phpmanual at NO_SPHAMnetebb dot com
    21 years ago
    Given this code:

    class CallbackClass {
    function CallbackFunction() {
    // refers to $this
    }

    function StaticFunction() {
    // doesn't refer to $this
    }
    }

    function NonClassFunction() {
    }

    there appear to be 3 ways to set a callback function in PHP (using set_error_handler() as an example):

    1: set_error_handler('NonClassFunction');

    2: set_error_handler(array('CallbackClass', 'StaticFunction'));

    3: $o =& new CallbackClass();
    set_error_handler(array($o, 'CallbackFunction'));

    The following may also prove useful:

    class CallbackClass {
    function CallbackClass() {
    set_error_handler(array(&$this, 'CallbackFunction')); // the & is important
    }

    function CallbackFunction() {
    // refers to $this
    }
    }

    The documentation is not clear in outlining these three examples.
    up
    3
    nicolas dot grekas+php at gmail dot com
    11 years ago
    If you want to be sure that the native PHP error handler is called without resetting the handler stack (as set_error_handler(null) does), you can simply call set_error_handler with $error_types set to zero. This can be especially use full in conjunction with e.g. error_get_last():

    <?php

    // var_dump or anything else, as this will never be called because of the 0
    set_error_handler('var_dump', 0);
    @    $undef_var;
    restore_error_handler();

    // error_get_last() is now in a well known state:
    // Undefined variable: undef_var

    ... // Do something

    $e = error_get_last();

    ...

    ?>
    up
    2
    phil at propcom dot co dot uk
    11 years ago
    It is important to note that the registered SPL autoloader will NOT be called if an E_STRICT error triggers the error handler which, in turn, tries to use classes which are not yet loaded.

    In this instance, you should manually load classes required by the error handler.
    up
    3
    jtrick77 at gmail dot com
    11 years ago
    For anyone interested in the actual translated error codes and their meanings:

    1 E_ERROR (integer) Fatal run-time errors. These indicate errors that can not be recovered from, such as a memory allocation problem. Execution of the script is halted.
    2 E_WARNING (integer) Run-time warnings (non-fatal errors). Execution of the script is not halted.
    4 E_PARSE (integer) Compile-time parse errors. Parse errors should only be generated by the parser.
    8 E_NOTICE (integer) Run-time notices. Indicate that the script encountered something that could indicate an error, but could also happen in the normal course of running a script.
    16 E_CORE_ERROR (integer) Fatal errors that occur during PHP's initial startup. This is like an E_ERROR, except it is generated by the core of PHP.
    32 E_CORE_WARNING (integer) Warnings (non-fatal errors) that occur during PHP's initial startup. This is like an E_WARNING, except it is generated by the core of PHP.
    64 E_COMPILE_ERROR (integer) Fatal compile-time errors. This is like an E_ERROR, except it is generated by the Zend Scripting Engine.
    128 E_COMPILE_WARNING (integer) Compile-time warnings (non-fatal errors). This is like an E_WARNING, except it is generated by the Zend Scripting Engine.
    256 E_USER_ERROR (integer) User-generated error message. This is like an E_ERROR, except it is generated in PHP code by using the PHP function trigger_error().
    512 E_USER_WARNING (integer) User-generated warning message. This is like an E_WARNING, except it is generated in PHP code by using the PHP function trigger_error().
    1024 E_USER_NOTICE (integer) User-generated notice message. This is like an E_NOTICE, except it is generated in PHP code by using the PHP function trigger_error().
    2048 E_STRICT (integer) Enable to have PHP suggest changes to your code which will ensure the best interoperability and forward compatibility of your code. Since PHP 5 but not included in E_ALL until PHP 5.4.0
    4096 E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR (integer) Catchable fatal error. It indicates that a probably dangerous error occurred, but did not leave the Engine in an unstable state. If the error is not caught by a user defined handle (see also set_error_handler()), the application aborts as it was an E_ERROR. Since PHP 5.2.0
    8192 E_DEPRECATED (integer) Run-time notices. Enable this to receive warnings about code that will not work in future versions. Since PHP 5.3.0
    16384 E_USER_DEPRECATED (integer) User-generated warning message. This is like an E_DEPRECATED, except it is generated in PHP code by using the PHP function trigger_error(). Since PHP 5.3.0
    32767 E_ALL (integer) All errors and warnings, as supported, except of level E_STRICT prior to PHP 5.4.0. 32767 in PHP 5.4.x, 30719 in PHP 5.3.x, 6143 in PHP 5.2.x, 2047 previously

    (Copied from http://php.net/manual/en/errorfunc.constants.php)
    up
    2
    Anonymous
    20 years ago
    It seems that when you're letting PHP know that you have a custom error handler, you're not able to -update/set new- variables inside the class. Example:

    <?php
    class error {
    var     $error;

    function     error() {
    $this->setIni(); // this causes PHP to ignore all other changes to the class.
    }

    function     handler() {
    echo     $this->error.'!!';
    }

    function     setText($text) {
    $this->error = $text;
    }

    function     setIni() {
    set_error_handler(array($this, 'handler'));
    }
    }

    $eh = new error;
    $eh->setText('Error! <br>'); // this will not be saved

    trigger_error('text', E_USER_ERROR);
    // prints '!!'
    ?>

    How it should be done:
    <?php
    class error {
    var     $error;

    function     error() {
    // dont let PHP know of our error handler yet
    }

    function     handler() {
    echo     $this->error.'!!';
    }

    function     setText($text) {
    $this->error = $text;
    }

    function     setIni() {
    set_error_handler(array($this, 'handler'));
    }
    }

    $eh = new error;
    $eh->setText('Error! <br>'); // this WILL work
    $eh->setIni(); // call this method when you're ready with configuring the class. All other methods that will be called will have no effect on the errorHandling by PHP

    trigger_error('text', E_USER_ERROR);
    // prints 'Error! <br>!!'
    ?>
    up
    2
    periklis
    14 years ago
    How to handle fatal errors in php 5.2:

    <?php
    register_shutdown_function    ('shutdownFunction');
    function     shutDownFunction() {
    $error = error_get_last();
    if (    $error['type'] == 1) {
    //do your stuff
    }
    }
    ?>
    up
    1
    stepheneliotdewey at GmailDotCom
    17 years ago
    The manual states:

    "errcontext will contain an array of every variable that existed in the scope the error was triggered in. User error handler must not modify error context."

    But do you know WHY you must not modify the error context? It appears that errcontext is (in effect if not literally) created by taking $GLOBALS and adding the non-global local variables as additional entries in that array, then passing the whole thing *by reference*.

    (You can prove this to be true if you set up a custom error handler and then print_r($errcontext) within it, because $GLOBALS will be printed as a recursive array).

    In other words, the language in the manual is misleading, because errcontext is NOT a copy of the variables that existed when the error WAS triggered, but rather is a reference to the *existing LIVE variables* in the calling script.

    This includes superglobal variables like $_SERVER, $_POST, $_GET, etc., as well as all user-defined variables in scope.

    The significance of that is that if you modify errcontext, you will be modifying those other variables, not just for the life of your error handling function, but for the life of the calling script as well.

    That doesn't matter if you plan to halt execution in your error handling function, but it will lead to unexpected behavior if you modify $errcontext and then return to the program's normal flow after handling the error, because the variables will stay modified. For example, if you unset $_SERVER in your custom error handling function, it will remain unset once the function is over and you have returned to the page that generated the error.

    This should be made clearer in the manual, starting by marking errhandler with an ampersand (&) for passage by reference in the "Parameters" section above, like so:

    handler ( int $errno, string $errstr [, string $errfile [, int $errline [, array &$errcontext]]] )
    up
    1
    Steffen Staehle
    19 years ago
    Two notes on using set_error_handler() on behaviour that I noticed when migrating an application from php 4.2.1 to php 4.3.9 (I do not yet have php 5.0 available, this might not apply there!).

    1. setting the system error handler

    If you want to set the standard php error handler again, after having set your own error handler, this works in php 4.2.1 by passing in an empty string:

    <?php

    function my_handler($log_level, $log_text, $error_file, $error_line)
    {
    // if an error occurs here, the standard error
    // would be called (to avoid recursion)

    // do something useful
    // ...
    }

    $last_handler = set_error_handler("my_handler");

    // after this, $last_handler == ""

    // restore standard error handler

    $last_handler = set_error_handler("");

    // after this, $last_handler == "my_handler"

    ?>

    The very same code now raises an error in php 4.3.9:

    set_error_handler() expects argument 1, '', to be a valid callback

    (Since the return value of the first call to set_error_handler() is still the empty string "", I don't see how this can be done any more. I don't really need this, because I use my own handlers as shown below, but it might be good to be aware of this.)

    2. setting your own 'second level' handler

    If you have set your own error handler, and want to replace it by another one (other than the standard php error handler) while it is being executed, note that the return value of set_error_handler when used INSIDE the error handler is "" instead of the name of the previous handler! This is not too surprising, because during execution of your self defined error handler, php replaces it with the standard php error handler to avoid infinite loops in case of problems inside the handler. This is only interesting if you want nested handlers as I do. Background of my design:

    1st level handler: log into DB
    2nd level handler: log into flat file (if log into DB fails)
    3rd level handler: print to stdout (if log into flat file fails) (this is the sytem handler, finally).

    <?php

    function my_fallback_handler($log_level, $log_text, $error_file, $error_line)
    {
    // if an error occurs here, the standard error
    // would be called (to avoid recursion)

    // do something useful
    // ...

    } // my_fallback_handler

    function my_handler($log_level, $log_text, $error_file, $error_line)
    {
    // if an error occurs here, the standard error
    // would be called (to avoid recursion)

    // but we want to have a fallback handler different
    // to the standard error handler

    $last_handler = set_error_handler("my_fallback_handler");

    // I expected $last_handler == "my_handler"
    // (which it would outside my_handler())
    // but here it is the empty string ""

    // do something useful
    // ...

    // now set the 1st level handler again:
    // (do NOT use $last_handler as argument,
    // because it equals "")

    $last_handler = set_error_handler("my_handler");

    }     // my_handler

    $last_handler = set_error_handler("my_handler");

    ?>
    up
    2
    a dot ross at amdev dot eu
    6 years ago
    I'm missing a way to chain error handlers. It's not something offered by set_error_handler. You have to jump through some hoops to get it to work, but it *is* quite possible, by making use of the return value of the function. Here's an example:

    <?
    $previous = set_error_handler(function ($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline, $errcontext) use (&$previous) {
    /* Your custom error handling code here. */

    // If another error handler was defined, call it.
    if ($previous) {
    return $previous($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline, $errcontext);
    } else {
    // Use the standard PHP error handler.
    return false;
    }
    });
    ?>
    up
    0
    gernovich at ya dot ru
    21 days ago
    Show all error handlers:
    <?php
    do {
    $handler = set_error_handler(fn()=>false);
    if(    $handler !== null) {
    var_dump($handler);
    restore_error_handler();
    restore_error_handler();
    }
    } while (    $handler !== null);
    ?>
    up
    1
    David Spector
    4 years ago
    The PHP manual is not very clear about how to handle @ operator error messages.

    Here is working code:

    // Do nothing if @ operator
    $errLevel=error_reporting(E_ALL);
    if ($errLevel===0)
    return true; // ignore @ prefixed expression errors
    up
    0
    RGraph
    1 year ago
    A simple error handler that makes errors far more visible:

    //
    // Set the error handler to one that prints out more
    // visible errors
    //
    set_error_handler(function ($errno, $errstr)
    {
    $str = '<div style="margin: 20px; background-color: #fdd; border: 3px solid red; padding: 10px; border-radius: 15px; line-height: 25px"><b>Error: </b>%s (error level: %s)</div>';

    printf($str, $errstr, $errno);
    });
    up
    0
    kaioker
    3 years ago
    super simple error code to human readable conversion:

    function prettycode($code){
    return $code == 0 ? "FATAL" : array_search($code, get_defined_constants(true)['Core']);
    }
    up
    0
    Alex M
    3 years ago
    If you are new to programming and you would like to know how to add a combination of those error reporting values to .htaccess file. Here's a small guide.

    With PHP function error_reporting we can add together option with bitwise add operator | . But we can't use those constants in htaccess file and in my case I have no idea how to add bitwise number.

    So, solution can be casting selected options to int:

    echo (int)(E_ERROR | E_WARNING | E_PARSE | E_USER_ERROR) ;
    ->263

    Then you can use 263 in .htaccess

    php_value error_reporting 263

    In my case I needed those errors to be displayed for my debugging server. But the combination can be different from mine.
    up
    1
    chris at ocproducts dot com
    8 years ago
    Note that error handlers don't run recursively. If you have an error while an error handler is running (in the error handler itself or code called from it) then you won't get the error handler called again.

    This has subtle ramifications for $php_errormsg. If you are relying on your error handler to suppress certain kinds of error message from going into $php_errormsg (via return true; because error_reporting doesn't affect $php_errormsg setting) then this will not work for any code called within that error handler.
    up
    0
    mmtache at yahoo dot com
    21 years ago
    The @ operator sets the error_reporting() value to 0.
    This means you can use it with your own Error Handler too. for example:

    function userErrorHandler($errno, $errmsg, $filename, $linenum, $vars) {
    if (error_reporting())
    echo $errmsg;
    }
    set_error_handler("userErrorHandler");

    function test(){
    trigger_error("Error Message", E_USER_WARNING);
    }

    @test(); // doesn't output anything
    up
    -1
    ash
    17 years ago
    error handling function that handles both errors and exceptions; also features a backtrace including possible function arguments.

    <?php

    $cfg     = array();
    $cfg['debug'] = 1;
    $cfg['adminEmail'] = 'name@domain.tld';

    function     errorHandler($errno, $errstr='', $errfile='', $errline='')
    {
    // if error has been supressed with an @
    if (error_reporting() == 0) {
    return;
    }

    global     $cfg;

    // check if function has been called by an exception
    if(func_num_args() == 5) {
    // called by trigger_error()
    $exception = null;
    list(    $errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline) = func_get_args();

    $backtrace = array_reverse(debug_backtrace());

    }else {
    // caught exception
    $exc = func_get_arg(0);
    $errno = $exc->getCode();
    $errstr = $exc->getMessage();
    $errfile = $exc->getFile();
    $errline = $exc->getLine();

    $backtrace = $exc->getTrace();
    }

    $errorType = array (
    E_ERROR => 'ERROR',
    E_WARNING => 'WARNING',
    E_PARSE => 'PARSING ERROR',
    E_NOTICE => 'NOTICE',
    E_CORE_ERROR => 'CORE ERROR',
    E_CORE_WARNING => 'CORE WARNING',
    E_COMPILE_ERROR => 'COMPILE ERROR',
    E_COMPILE_WARNING => 'COMPILE WARNING',
    E_USER_ERROR => 'USER ERROR',
    E_USER_WARNING => 'USER WARNING',
    E_USER_NOTICE => 'USER NOTICE',
    E_STRICT => 'STRICT NOTICE',
    E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR => 'RECOVERABLE ERROR'
    );

    // create error message
    if (array_key_exists($errno, $errorType)) {
    $err = $errorType[$errno];
    } else {
    $err = 'CAUGHT EXCEPTION';
    }

    $errMsg = "$err: $errstr in $errfile on line $errline";

    // start backtrace
    foreach ($backtrace as $v) {

    if (isset(    $v['class'])) {

    $trace = 'in class '.$v['class'].'::'.$v['function'].'(';

    if (isset(    $v['args'])) {
    $separator = '';

    foreach(    $v['args'] as $arg ) {
    $trace .= "$separator".getArgument($arg);
    $separator = ', ';
    }
    }
    $trace .= ')';
    }

    elseif (isset(    $v['function']) && empty($trace)) {
    $trace = 'in function '.$v['function'].'(';
    if (!empty(    $v['args'])) {

    $separator = '';

    foreach(    $v['args'] as $arg ) {
    $trace .= "$separator".getArgument($arg);
    $separator = ', ';
    }
    }
    $trace .= ')';
    }
    }

    // display error msg, if debug is enabled
    if($cfg['debug'] == 1) {
    echo     '<h2>Debug Msg</h2>'.nl2br($errMsg).'<br />
    Trace: '    .nl2br($trace).'<br />';
    }

    // what to do
    switch ($errno) {
    case     E_NOTICE:
    case     E_USER_NOTICE:
    return;
    break;

    default:
    if(    $cfg['debug'] == 0){
    // send email to admin
    if(!empty($cfg['adminEmail'])) {
    @    mail($cfg['adminEmail'],'critical error on '.$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'], $errorText,
    'From: Error Handler');
    }
    // end and display error msg
    exit(displayClientMessage());
    }
    else
    exit(    '<p>aborting.</p>');
    break;

    }

    }     // end of errorHandler()

    function displayClientMessage()
    {
    echo     'some html page with error message';

    }

    function     getArgument($arg)
    {
    switch (    strtolower(gettype($arg))) {

    case     'string':
    return(     '"'.str_replace( array("\n"), array(''), $arg ).'"' );

    case     'boolean':
    return (bool)    $arg;

    case     'object':
    return     'object('.get_class($arg).')';

    case     'array':
    $ret = 'array(';
    $separtor = '';

    foreach (    $arg as $k => $v) {
    $ret .= $separtor.getArgument($k).' => '.getArgument($v);
    $separtor = ', ';
    }
    $ret .= ')';

    return     $ret;

    case     'resource':
    return     'resource('.get_resource_type($arg).')';

    default:
    return     var_export($arg, true);
    }
    }

    ?>
    up
    -1
    devermin at ti0n dot net
    14 years ago
    At work I have some code with errors that uncatched are the causes of integrity loss (people calling web services with file_get_contents that fails silently and afterwards insert garbage in the database).

    here is the solution I found to transform a specific set of errors into exception and afterwards be able to selectively act (with the error code) regarding categories :

    <?php
    ini_set    ('error_reporting',E_ALL^E_NOTICE);

    ## first 10 bits reserved for the initial error number
    define('EMASK',(~0)<<10);
    define('ECODEMASK',~EMASK);
    ## categories
    define('IOERROR', 1<<10);
    define('EMPTYPARMS', 1<<11);
    define('FAILURE', 1<<12);
    ## string error patterns => code

    $catch_me=array(
    "/^(file_get_contents)\((.*)\).*failed to open stream: (.*)/ " =>
    array (     'mesg' => "IO::Failed to open stream with",
    'code' => IOERROR | FAILURE
    ),
    "/^fopen\(.*\): Filename cannot be empty/" =>
    array(     'msg' => "Parameters::empty",
    'code' => EMPTYPARMS
    )
    );
    function     error_2_exception($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline,$context) {
    global     $catch_me;
    foreach (    $catch_me as $regexp => $res) {
    if(    preg_match($regexp,$errstr,$match)){
    throw new     Exception($res['mesg'],$res['code']|( $errno & EMASK ) );
    }
    }
    /* switch back to PHP internal error handler */
    return false;
    }
    ## => want to catch this one
    $f=file_get_contents("mlsdkfm");
    ## dont want to break existing wrong behaviour yet (so not caught)
    $f=file_get_contents('');
    ## magic
    set_error_handler("error_2_exception");
    ## behaviour remains the same
    $f=file_get_contents('');
    try {
    ## web services that dont work now raise an exception \o/
    $f=file_get_contents("mlsdkfm");
    } catch(    Exception $e) {
    ## and I can group my exception by category
    echo ( $e->getCode() & FAILURE ) ? "\nEPIC FAIL\n" : "\nbegnine";
    }

    ?>
    ＋添加备注
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