PHP: Unix 系统下的 Nginx 1.4.x

Unix 系统下的 Nginx 1.4.x

本文档包括使用 PHP-FPM 为 Nginx 1.4.x HTTP 服务器安装和配置 PHP 的说明和提示。

本指南假定您已经从源代码成功构建 Nginx，并且其二进制文件和配置文件都位于 /usr/local/nginx。如果您使用其他方式获取的 Nginx，请参考 » Nginx Wiki 并对照本文档完成安装。

本文档仅包含 Nginx 服务器的基本配置，它将通过 80 端口提供 PHP 应用的处理能力。如果您需要超出本文档范围的安装配置指导，建议您查阅 Nginx 和 PHP-FPM 的文档。

需要注意的是，本文档一律使用 'x' 来表示版本号，请根据实际情况将 'x' 替换为对应的版本号。

建议您访问 Nginx Wiki » 安装页面以获取并在您的系统上安装 Nginx。
获取并解压 PHP 源代码:
```
tar zxf php-x.x.x
```
配置并构建 PHP。在此步骤您可以使用很多选项自定义 PHP，例如启用某些扩展等。运行 ./configure --help 命令来获得完整的可用选项清单。在本示例中，我们仅进行包含 PHP-FPM 和 MySQL 支持的简单配置。
```
cd ../php-x.x.x
./configure --enable-fpm --with-mysqli
make
sudo make install
```

创建配置文件，并将其复制到正确的位置。

cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/php.ini
cp /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm /usr/local/bin

需要着重提醒的是，如果文件不存在，则阻止 Nginx 将请求发送到后端的 PHP-FPM 模块，以避免遭受恶意脚本注入的攻击。

将 php.ini 文件中的配置项 cgi.fix_pathinfo 设置为 0 。

打开 php.ini:
```
vim /usr/local/php/php.ini
```
定位到 cgi.fix_pathinfo= 并将其修改为如下所示：
```
cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
```
在启动服务之前，需要修改 php-fpm.conf 配置文件，确保 php-fpm 模块使用 www-data 用户和 www-data 用户组的身份运行。
```
vim /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
```
找到以下内容并修改：
```
; Unix user/group of processes
; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
;       will be used.
user = www-data
group = www-data
```
然后启动 php-fpm 服务：
```
/usr/local/bin/php-fpm
```
本文档未涵盖对 php-fpm 进行进一步配置的信息，如果您需要更多信息，请查阅相关文档。

配置 Nginx 使其支持 PHP 应用：

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

修改默认的 location 块，使其支持 .php 文件：

location / {
    root   html;
    index  index.php index.html index.htm;
}

下一步配置来保证对于 .php 文件的请求将被传送到后端的 PHP-FPM 模块，取消默认的 PHP 配置块的注释，并修改为下面的内容：

location ~* \.php$ {
    fastcgi_index   index.php;
    fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:9000;
    include         fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
}

重启 Nginx。

sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

创建测试文件。

rm /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >> /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php

打开浏览器，访问 http://localhost，将会显示 phpinfo() 。

通过以上步骤的配置，Nginx 服务器现在可以以 SAPI SAPI 模块的方式支持 PHP 应用了。当然，对于 Nginx 和 PHP 的配置，还有很多可用的选项，请在对应的源代码目录执行 ./configure --help 来查阅更多配置选项。

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＋添加备注

用户贡献的备注 8 notes

down

Lenny ¶

9 years ago

Building from source is not easy if something is a bit different, and I had a hard time with some directory and configuration options. I was floundering around the web until I found this site that translated from Chinese. No one else had the solution.  I couldn't get php fpm to start until I changed the directory (Item 2.ERROR: Unable to globalize). I had other issues listed but I was able to solve them. Please don't delete this, it is very useful info.

The original site  (it is in Chinese, not my site, but I want to give credit):

(there is some more there, you can goto the site)

blog.dream1987.top/?paged=2

Installation problems:

1. configure: error:. Xml2-config not found Please check your libxml2 installation.

solution:

apt-get install libxml2-dev

 

2.Warning: Declaration of PEAR_Installer :: download () should be compatible with & PEAR_Downloader :: download ($ params) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib.phar/PEAR /Installer.php on line 43

Warning: Declaration of PEAR_PackageFile_Parser_v2 :: parse () should be compatible with PEAR_XMLParser :: parse ($ data) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib.phar/PEAR/PackageFile/ Parser / v2.php on line 113 
[PEAR] Archive_Tar - already installed: 1.3.13 
[PEAR] Console_Getopt - already installed: 1.3.1 
[PEAR] Structures_Graph- already installed: 1.0.4

Warning: Declaration of PEAR_Task_Replace :: init () should be compatible with PEAR_Task_Common :: init ($ xml, $ fileAttributes, $ lastVersion) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib. phar / PEAR / Task / Replace.php on line 31 
[PEAR] XML_Util - already installed: 1.2.3

Warning: Declaration of PEAR_Task_Windowseol :: init () should be compatible with PEAR_Task_Common :: init ($ xml, $ fileAttributes, $ lastVersion) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib. phar / PEAR / Task / Windowseol.php on line 76

Warning: Declaration of PEAR_Task_Unixeol :: init () should be compatible with PEAR_Task_Common :: init ($ xml, $ fileAttributes, $ lastVersion) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib. phar / PEAR / Task / Unixeol.php on line 76 
[PEAR] PEAR - already installed: 1.9.5

solution:

Workaround not found (http://pear.php.net/bugs/bug.php?id=20554)

3. Start php-fpm

1.ERROR: failed to open configuration file '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf': No such file or directory (2) 
ERROR: failed to load configuration file '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf' 
ERROR: FPM initialization failed

solution:

Php-fpm.conf copy files from the source file to that location.

cp /root/php-7.0.0alpha1/sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf

2.ERROR: Unable to globalize '/usr/local/NONE/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' (ret = 2) from /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 125. 
ERROR: failed to load configuration file '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf' 
ERROR: FPM initialization failed

solution:

Edit /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf document introduced * .conf part, change to the correct path include = / usr / local / etc / php-fpm.d / *. Conf

If there is no /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d directory, create the directory.

3.WARNING: Nothing matches the include pattern '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' from /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 125. 
ERROR:. No pool defined at least one pool section must be specified in config file 
ERROR: failed to post process the configuration 
ERROR: FPM initialization failed

solution:

cp www.conf.default www.conf

4.ERROR: [pool www] can not get gid for group 'nobody' 
ERROR: FPM initialization failed

solution:

Www.conf open files, user and group users into nginx default settings, usually the default is www-data.

down

Leon Nguyen vnlab ¶

4 years ago

To maximize the server performance with highest speed, with fewest resources, i have decided to compile PHP 8 manually from minimal Linux/Unix-based OS (my Linux distro is rpm-based packages) 

My system has successfully powered up by PHP 8.0.9 - with Opcache/JIT enabled & other several PHP extension module. Here is several experience that may save you several hours of research.

1. Before step (3) - Configure and build PHP - to ensure that no errors occurs, you can refer to my prerequisites library. 

sudo dnf install \
gcc gcc-c++ make cmake autoconfig \
zlib zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel \
libxml2-devel libxslt-devel \
bzip2-devel curl-devel libzip-devel\
sqlite-devel \
systemd-devel \
openssl-devel \
libffi-devel \
libpng libpng-devel libwebp libwebp-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libXpm libXpm-devel \
freetype-devel \
gmp-devel \
libldb-devel \
libc-client libc-client-devel \
openldap openldap-devel \
oniguruma oniguruma-devel \
net-snmp-devel readline-devel unixODBC-devel \
uw-imap uw-imap-devel uw-imap-static uw-imap-utils \
libicu-devel \
enchant2 enchant2-devel \
gd gd-devel \
libsodium libsodium-devel \
libtidy libtidy-devel

You may not receive error when issuing ./configure, make && make install. Even when you manually build your PHP extension package later. 

2. At step 5 - before modifying php.ini - you may double-check whether the current PHP is reading which php.ini file by this command

php -ini | grep php.ini 
# My result. It is different from tutorial. 
Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/lib
Loaded Configuration File => /usr/local/lib/php.ini

down

uanaoeng at outlook dot com ¶

6 years ago

When I run the following command to start the php-fpm:
/usr/local/bin/php-fpm

I got the following error information:
Unable to globalize '/usr/local/NONE/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' (ret=2) from /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 143.

To fix this error, do:
change the string "include=NONE/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf" to "include=etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf" in the file "/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf" with text editor.

After that, I try to start the php-fpm again and got error information again:
Nothing matches the include pattern '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' from /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 143.

To fix this error, do:
cp /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

down

1097625354 at qq dot com ¶

7 years ago

cp php/php.ini-development        php/lib/php.ini
cp php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default       php/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default     php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

down

Akash Kumar Sharma ¶

9 years ago

If you get "File not found" error then add "root ROOT_DIR_LOCATION" directive to PHP location block i.e. "location ~* \.php$ { }" , where ROOT_DIR_LOCATION is root directory like "/usr/share/nginx/html" .

down

nguyentienlong88 at gmail dot com ¶

10 years ago

at step 3, after command "sudo make install"
if there is problem with pear.php.net (https). Need to change this line (from https to http) in Makefile
PEAR_INSTALLER_URL = http://pear.php.net/install-pear-nozlib.phar

down

timy.shark ¶

3 years ago

Great effort for this tutorial, thanks a ton, here are my notes if may help anyone, considering default install on WSL2 container
Note: composer added for Laravel framework.
These are NOT to be copy and pasted as it is, need to be selective as there are annotations beside some commands,
Also I've commented # some of the defaults written by the original editor due to mismatch to my current environment.

sha256sum  php-x.x.x.tar.gz => e847745fd66fc8c57fac993a609fefcded93fddccd225f0620a26bb5ae5753c3 
    tar zxf php-x.x.x
    sudo apt install build-essential
    sudo apt install -y composer nginx pkgconf libxml2-dev  libsqlite3-dev zlib1g-dev
    cd php-x.x.x
    ./configure --enable-fpm --with-mysqli <==Thank you for installing PHP.
        make <== takes a while 
    sudo make test <== optional as recommended
    sudo make install <= /usr/local/bin /usr/local/php
    sudo cp php.ini-development /usr/local/lib/php.ini
    sudo cp /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
    sudo cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm /usr/local/bin
    sudo vim /usr/local/php/php.ini <= cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
    sudo vim /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf <= user=www-data group=www-data
    sudo vim sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf <= edit include=etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf  <- relative path
    sudo cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf /usr/local/etc
    /usr/local/bin/php -v <= $PATH$ uses /usr/local/bin at first /usr/local/lib/php.ini
    sudo /usr/local/bin/php-fpm <= start the service
    sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default <= edit the following under server {}
    location / {
    #root   html;    
    #index  index.php index.html index.htm;
}
    location ~* \.php$ {
    #fastcgi_index   index.php;
    fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:9000;
    include         fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
}
    
    *Restart nginx (root /var/www/html) if root path doesn't exist, default is: /usr/share/nginx/html
    sudo nginx -t <= Test Nginx conf files
    sudo service nginx reload
    sudo service nginx stop
    sudo service nginx start <= [OK]
    
php-fpm needs to be in a service, or kill process manually ps -aux | grep php-fpm ; kill <pid>

down

610010559 at qq dot com ¶

6 years ago

in linux system, if you want to add php-fpm service to system service;  it is easy to do that, because php offer the relate shell script:

after make and make install;enter the source code package sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm ; type the code in the linux system.  
cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm  /etc/init.d/php-fpm

then you can use "php-fpm {start|stop|force-quit|restart|reload|status|configtest} "  command  to control your php-fpm program more convenient .