An easier way to unpack nested array elements
$array = [
[1, 2],
[3, 4],
];
foreach ($array as [$a, $b]) {
echo "A: $a; B: $b\n";
}
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
The foreach construct provides an easy way to
iterate over arrays and Traversable objects.
foreach will issue an error when used with
a variable containing a different data type or with an uninitialized variable.
foreach can optionally get the key of each element:
foreach (iterable_expression as $value) {
statement_list
}
foreach (iterable_expression as $key => $value) {
statement_list
}
The first form traverses the iterable given by
iterable_expression. On each iteration, the value of
the current element is assigned to $value.
The second form will additionally assign the current element's key to
the $key variable on each iteration.
Note that foreach does not modify the internal array
pointer, which is used by functions such as current()
and key().
It is possible to customize object iteration.
Example #1 Common foreach usages
<?php
/* Example: value only */
$array = [1, 2, 3, 17];
foreach ($array as $value) {
echo "Current element of \$array: $value.\n";
}
/* Example: key and value */
$array = [
"one" => 1,
"two" => 2,
"three" => 3,
"seventeen" => 17
];
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
echo "Key: $key => Value: $value\n";
}
/* Example: multi-dimensional key-value arrays */
$grid = [];
$grid[0][0] = "a";
$grid[0][1] = "b";
$grid[1][0] = "y";
$grid[1][1] = "z";
foreach ($grid as $y => $row) {
foreach ($row as $x => $value) {
echo "Value at position x=$x and y=$y: $value\n";
}
}
/* Example: dynamic arrays */
foreach (range(1, 5) as $value) {
echo "$value\n";
}
?>Nota:
foreachdoes not support the ability to suppress error messages using the@.
(PHP 5 >= 5.5.0, PHP 7, PHP 8)
It is possible to iterate over an array of arrays and unpack the nested array
into loop variables by using either
array destructuring
via [] or by using the list() language
construct as the value.
Nota: Please note that array destructuring via
[]is only possible as of PHP 7.1.0
In both of the following examples $a will be set to
the first element of the nested array and $b will
contain the second element:
<?php
$array = [
[1, 2],
[3, 4],
];
foreach ($array as [$a, $b]) {
echo "A: $a; B: $b\n";
}
foreach ($array as list($a, $b)) {
echo "A: $a; B: $b\n";
}
?>Il precedente esempio visualizzerà:
A: 1; B: 2 A: 3; B: 4
When providing fewer variables than there are elements in the array, the remaining elements will be ignored. Similarly, elements can be skipped over by using a comma:
<?php
$array = [
[1, 2, 3],
[3, 4, 6],
];
foreach ($array as [$a, $b]) {
// Note that there is no $c here.
echo "$a $b\n";
}
foreach ($array as [, , $c]) {
// Skipping over $a and $b
echo "$c\n";
}
?>Il precedente esempio visualizzerà:
1 2 3 4 5 6
A notice will be generated if there aren't enough array elements to fill the list():
<?php
$array = [
[1, 2],
[3, 4],
];
foreach ($array as [$a, $b, $c]) {
echo "A: $a; B: $b; C: $c\n";
}
?>Il precedente esempio visualizzerà:
Notice: Undefined offset: 2 in example.php on line 7 A: 1; B: 2; C: Notice: Undefined offset: 2 in example.php on line 7 A: 3; B: 4; C:
It is possible to directly modify array elements within a loop by preceding
$value with &.
In that case the value will be assigned by
reference.
<?php
$arr = [1, 2, 3, 4];
foreach ($arr as &$value) {
$value = $value * 2;
}
// $arr is now [2, 4, 6, 8]
unset($value); // break the reference with the last element
?>
Reference to a $value of the last array element
remain even after the foreach loop. It is recommended
to destroy these using unset().
Otherwise, the following behavior will occur:
<?php
$arr = [1, 2, 3, 4];
foreach ($arr as &$value) {
$value = $value * 2;
}
// $arr is now [2, 4, 6, 8]
// without an unset($value), $value is still a reference to the last item: $arr[3]
foreach ($arr as $key => $value) {
// $arr[3] will be updated with each value from $arr...
echo "{$key} => {$value} ";
print_r($arr);
}
// ...until ultimately the second-to-last value is copied onto the last value
?>Il precedente esempio visualizzerà:
0 => 2 Array ( [0] => 2, [1] => 4, [2] => 6, [3] => 2 ) 1 => 4 Array ( [0] => 2, [1] => 4, [2] => 6, [3] => 4 ) 2 => 6 Array ( [0] => 2, [1] => 4, [2] => 6, [3] => 6 ) 3 => 6 Array ( [0] => 2, [1] => 4, [2] => 6, [3] => 6 )
Example #2 Iterate a constant array's values by reference
<?php
foreach ([1, 2, 3, 4] as &$value) {
$value = $value * 2;
}
?>An easier way to unpack nested array elements
$array = [
[1, 2],
[3, 4],
];
foreach ($array as [$a, $b]) {
echo "A: $a; B: $b\n";
}