in_array

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

in_array — 配列に値があるかチェックする

説明

in_array(mixed $needle, array $haystack, bool $strict = false): bool

haystack 内の needle を検索します。 strict が設定されていない限りは型の比較は行いません。

パラメータ

needle: 探す値。

注意:
needle が文字列の場合、比較の際に大文字小文字は区別されます。
haystack: 配列。
strict: 三番目のパラメータ strict が true に設定された場合、 in_array() は、haystack の中の needle の型も確認します。

注意:
PHP 8.0.0 より前のバージョンでは、 strict フラグが指定されていない場合に、配列の値が 0 の場合でも文字列にマッチしてしまっていました。逆も同じです。これにより、望ましくない結果が生じる可能性があります。似たようなエッジケースは他の型でも存在します。値の型が完全にわからない場合には、予期せぬ振る舞いを避けるために常に strict フラグを使うようにして下さい。

戻り値

配列で needle が見つかった場合に true、それ以外の場合は、false を返します。

例

例1 in_array() の例

<?php
$os = array("Mac", "NT", "Irix", "Linux");
if (in_array("Irix", $os)) {
    echo "Got Irix";
}
if (in_array("mac", $os)) {
    echo "Got mac";
}
?>

二番目の条件式は失敗します。in_array() は大文字小文字を区別するからです。したがって次のような出力になります。

Got Irix

例2 strict を指定した in_array() の例

<?php
$a = array('1.10', 12.4, 1.13);

if (in_array('12.4', $a, true)) {
    echo "'12.4' found with strict check\n";
}

if (in_array(1.13, $a, true)) {
    echo "1.13 found with strict check\n";
}
?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。

1.13 found with strict check

例3 needleが配列の場合の in_array()

<?php
$a = array(array('p', 'h'), array('p', 'r'), 'o');

if (in_array(array('p', 'h'), $a)) {
    echo "'ph' was found\n";
}

if (in_array(array('f', 'i'), $a)) {
    echo "'fi' was found\n";
}

if (in_array('o', $a)) {
    echo "'o' was found\n";
}
?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。

'ph' was found
  'o' was found

参考

array_search() - 指定した値を配列で検索し、見つかった場合に対応する最初のキーを返す
isset() - 変数が宣言されていること、そして null とは異なることを検査する
array_key_exists() - 指定したキーまたは添字が配列にあるかどうかを調べる

Found A Problem?

Learn How To Improve This Page • Submit a Pull Request • Report a Bug

＋add a note

User Contributed Notes 6 notes

down

414

beingmrkenny at gmail dot com ¶

13 years ago

Loose checking returns some crazy, counter-intuitive results when used with certain arrays. It is completely correct behaviour, due to PHP's leniency on variable types, but in "real-life" is almost useless.

The solution is to use the strict checking option.

<?php

// Example array

$array = array(
    'egg' => true,
    'cheese' => false,
    'hair' => 765,
    'goblins' => null,
    'ogres' => 'no ogres allowed in this array'
);

// Loose checking -- return values are in comments

// First three make sense, last four do not

in_array(null, $array); // true
in_array(false, $array); // true
in_array(765, $array); // true
in_array(763, $array); // true
in_array('egg', $array); // true
in_array('hhh', $array); // true
in_array(array(), $array); // true

// Strict checking

in_array(null, $array, true); // true
in_array(false, $array, true); // true
in_array(765, $array, true); // true
in_array(763, $array, true); // false
in_array('egg', $array, true); // false
in_array('hhh', $array, true); // false
in_array(array(), $array, true); // false

?>

down

Julian Sawicki ¶

1 year ago

Here is a recursive in_array function: 

<?php

$myNumbers = [
    [1,2,3,4,5],
    [6,7,8,9,10],
];

$array = [
    'numbers' => $myNumbers
];

// Let's try to find number 7 within $array
$hasNumber = in_array(7, $array, true); // bool(false)
$hasNumber = in_array_recursive(7, $array, true); // bool(true)

function in_array_recursive(mixed $needle, array $haystack, bool $strict): bool
{
    foreach ($haystack as $element) {
        if ($element === $needle) {
            return true;
        }

        $isFound = false;
        if (is_array($element)) {
            $isFound = in_array_recursive($needle, $element, $strict);
        }
        
        if ($isFound === true) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

down

rhill at xenu-directory dot net ¶

15 years ago

I found out that in_array will *not* find an associative array within a haystack of associative arrays in strict mode if the keys were not generated in the *same order*:

<?php

$needle = array(
    'fruit'=>'banana', 'vegetable'=>'carrot'
    );

$haystack = array(
    array('vegetable'=>'carrot', 'fruit'=>'banana'),
    array('fruit'=>'apple', 'vegetable'=>'celery')
    );

echo in_array($needle, $haystack, true) ? 'true' : 'false';
// Output is 'false'

echo in_array($needle, $haystack) ? 'true' : 'false';
// Output is 'true'

?>

I had wrongly assumed the order of the items in an associative array were irrelevant, regardless of whether 'strict' is TRUE or FALSE: The order is irrelevant *only* if not in strict mode.

down

leonhard dot radonic+phpnet at gmail dot com ¶

2 years ago

I got an unexpected behavior working with in_array. I'm using following code:

<?php
// ...
$someId = getSomeId(); // it gets generated/fetched by another service, so I don't know what value it will have. P.S.: it's an integer

// The actual data in my edge-case scenario:
// $someId = 0;
// $anyArray = ['dataOne', 'dataTwo'];
if (in_array($someId, $anyArray)) {
    // do some work
}
// ...
?>

With PHP7.4, in_array returns boolean true.
With PHP8.1, in_array returns boolean false.

It took me quite some time to find out what's going on.

down

eurorusty at yahoo dot ca ¶

27 days ago

I'm not sure why PHP doesn't provide a way to specify a binary search. Here's an example of the performance gains, for this array size, about 50x improvement using interpreted PHP. If built in, it could probably achieve around 1000x improvement, again for this array size.

<?php

// Set up sorted array
$X = array(1);
for ($j = 1; $j < 50000; ++$j)
    $X[] = $X[$j - 1] + rand(1, 6);

// Using in_array
$x = -microtime(true);
$m = 0;
for ($j = 0; $j < 10000; ++$j)
    $m += in_array(rand(1, 175000), $X);
$x += microtime(true);
echo $x.PHP_EOL;

// Using binarySearch
$x = -microtime(true);
$m = 0;
for ($j = 0; $j < 10000; ++$j)
    $m += binarySearch($X, rand(1, 175000));
$x += microtime(true);
echo $x.PHP_EOL;

function binarySearch($array, $value) {
    $low = 0;
    $high = count($array) - 1;
    while ($low <= $high) {
        $pivot = floor(($low + $high) / 2);
        if ($array[$pivot] == $value)
            return true;
        if ($value < $array[$pivot])
            $high = $pivot - 1;
        else
            $low = $pivot + 1;
    }
    // No match
    return false;
}

/* Sample outputs, first is in_array, second is binarySearch
1.3544600009918
0.026464939117432

1.6158990859985
0.033976078033447

1.5184400081635
0.026461124420166
*/

down

-4

Armands Rieksti ¶

1 year ago

I'd like to point out that, if you're using Enum data structures and want to compare whether an array of strings has a certain string Enum in it, you need to cast it to a string.

From what I've tested, the function works correctly:
if the array is filled with strings and you're searching for a string;
if the array is filled with Enums and you're searching for an Enum.

＋add a note