imagecopymergegray

(PHP 4 >= 4.0.6, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

imagecopymergegray — グレースケールでイメージの一部をコピー、マージする

説明

imagecopymergegray(
    GdImage $dst_image,
    GdImage $src_image,
    int $dst_x,
    int $dst_y,
    int $src_x,
    int $src_y,
    int $src_width,
    int $src_height,
    int $pct
): bool

imagecopymergegray() は、 src_image の X,Y座標 src_x, src_y から始まる幅 src_width、高さ src_height の領域を dst_image にコピーします。定義された部分は、x、y座標dst_x、 dst_yにコピーされます。

この関数は imagecopymerge() と同じですが、マージをする際に、コピー前にコピー先のピクセルをグレースケールに変換することにより、コピー先のピクセルをコピー元の色相を維持するところが異なります。

パラメータ

dst_image: コピー先の画像リソース。
src_image: コピー元の画像リソース。
dst_x: コピー先の x 座標。
dst_y: コピー先の y 座標。
src_x: コピー元の x 座標。
src_y: コピー元の y 座標。
src_width: コピー元の幅。
src_height: コピー元の高さ。
pct: src_image が pct にしたがってグレースケールに変換されます。 pct が 0 の場合は完全なグレースケール、 100 の場合は何も変わらない状態となります。 pct = 100 の場合、パレット画像に対してはこの関数は imagecopy() と同じ動作となります (アルファコンポーネントを無視する点だけが違います)。一方 true color 画像については、この関数はアルファ透過度を実装しています。

戻り値

成功した場合に true を、失敗した場合に false を返します。

変更履歴

バージョン	説明
8.0.0	`dst_image` と `src_image` は、 GdImage クラスのインスタンスを期待するようになりました。これより前のバージョンでは、 resource を期待していました。

例

例1 imagecopymergegray() の使用法

<?php
// 画像のインスタンスを作成します
$dest = imagecreatefromgif('php.gif');
$src = imagecreatefromgif('php.gif');

// コピー・マージ (Gray = 20%) します
imagecopymergegray($dest, $src, 10, 10, 0, 0, 100, 47, 20);

// 出力してメモリから解放します
header('Content-Type: image/gif');
imagegif($dest);

imagedestroy($dest);
imagedestroy($src);
?>

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User Contributed Notes 8 notes

down

amezghal at msn dot com ¶

16 years ago

gray effect :)
<?php
header('content-type:image/png');
$url_img = 'my_image.png';
$img = imagecreatefrompng($url_img);
$x = imagesx($img);
$y = imagesy($img);
$gray_img = imagecreatetruecolor($x, $y);
imagecolorallocate($gray_img, 0, 0, 0);
for ($i = 0; $i < $x; $i++) {
  for ($j = 0; $j < $y; $j++) {
    $rgb = imagecolorat($img, $i, $j);
    $r = ($rgb >> 16) & 0xFF;
    $g = ($rgb >> 8) & 0xFF;
    $b = $rgb & 0xFF;
     //for gray mode $r = $g = $b
    $color = max(array($r, $g, $b));
    $gray_color = imagecolorexact($new_img, $color, $color,   $color);
     imagesetpixel($gray_img, $i, $j, $gray_color);
   }
}
?>

down

Mark Barba ¶

19 years ago

//  Using the same code I found here on php.net, 
// I was able to figure out how to convert GIF (or any other
// format GD supports) to CIP format.  CIP is the image
// format for Cisco IP Phones...  7905/7940 and 7960 
// models...  Hope someone finds this useful and make it 
// better...  

/////// GIF2CIP PHP code ///////

// Convert image in memory to grayscale
    $img_width  = imageSX($im2);
    $img_height = imageSY($im2);

   // convert to grayscale
   // note: this will NOT affect your original image, unless
   // originalFileName and destinationFileName are the same
   for ($y = 0; $y <$img_height; $y++) { 
       for ($x = 0; $x <$img_width; $x++) { 
           $rgb = imagecolorat($im2, $x, $y);
           $red  = ($rgb >> 16) & 0xFF;
           $green = ($rgb >> 8)  & 0xFF;
           $blue  = $rgb & 0xFF;

           $gray = round(.299*$red + .587*$green + .114*$blue);
           
           // shift gray level to the left
           $grayR = $gray << 16;  // R: red
           $grayG = $gray << 8;    // G: green
           $grayB = $gray;        // B: blue
           
           // OR operation to compute gray value
           $grayColor = $grayR | $grayG | $grayB;

           // set the pixel color
           imagesetpixel ($im2, $x, $y, $grayColor);
           imagecolorallocate ($im2, $gray, $gray, $gray);
       }
   }
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    // Modifies palette to only 4-colors (CIP Images on 7905/7940 & 7960 is 2-bit color)
    ImageTrueColorToPalette2($im2,FALSE,4);

    // Basic header for CIP Image files...
    header ("Content-type: text/xml");
    echo "<CiscoIPPhoneImage> ";
    echo "<LocationX>-1</LocationX> ";
    echo "<LocationY>-1</LocationY> ";
    echo "<Width>132</Width> ";
    echo "<Height>65</Height> ";
    echo "<Depth>2</Depth> ";
    echo "<Data>";

// get image dimensions (almost same code as above)
   $img_width  = imageSX($im2);
   $img_height = imageSY($im2);

   // convert to grayscale
   // note: this will NOT affect your original image, unless
   // originalFileName and destinationFileName are the same
   for ($y = 0; $y <$img_height; $y++) { 
       for ($x = 0; $x+4 <$img_width; $x = $x+4) 
       { 
            for ($ix = 0; $ix < 4; $ix++)
            {
               $rgb = imagecolorat($im2, $x + $ix, $y);

               // I came up with this translation on my own
               // Some smart person is bound to perfect it
               if ($rgb=="2") {$rgb=0;$Gray1[$ix] = $rgb;continue;}
               if ($rgb=="0") {$rgb=2;$Gray1[$ix] = $rgb;continue;}
               if ($rgb=="1") {$rgb=1;$Gray1[$ix] = $rgb;continue;}
               if ($rgb=="3") {$rgb=3;$Gray1[$ix] = $rgb;continue;}
           }
                $gray1 = $Gray1[0];
                $gray2 = $Gray1[1] << 2;
                $gray3 = $Gray1[2] << 4;
                $gray4 = $Gray1[3] << 6;
                
                // Pack 4 pixels into a single byte for CIP images
                $grey = $gray1 | $gray2 | $gray3 | $gray4;

                // CIP image data is sent in HEX, strtoupper is not really needed.
                $code = strtoupper(dechex($grey)); 

                // My quick fix to padding single HEX values
                if (strlen($code)==1) $code = "0".$code;
                echo $code;
                
       }

   }
    echo "</Data>";
    echo "<Title>$myvar</Title> ";
    echo "<Prompt>$city</Prompt> ";
    echo "</CiscoIPPhoneImage>";
    exit;

down

switch251 at netcourrier dot com ¶

20 years ago

In addition to code_couturier too: his code will produce blue pictures, because the value he uses to set the pixel color (the code is incomplete: I first thought it should be $gray) is between 0 and 255, which corresponds to blue levels.

To convert the picture to grayscale, use the following code:

<?php
    // replace with your files
    $originalFileName    = "colorPicture.jpg";
    $destinationFileName = "bwPicture.jpg";
    
    // create a copy of the original image
    // works with jpg images
    // fell free to adapt to other formats ;)
    $fullPath = explode(".",$originalFileName);
    $lastIndex = sizeof($fullPath) - 1;
    $extension = $fullPath[$lastIndex];
    if (preg_match("/jpg|jpeg|JPG|JPEG/", $extension)){
        $sourceImage = imagecreatefromjpeg($originalFileName);
    }

    // get image dimensions
    $img_width  = imageSX($sourceImage);
    $img_height = imageSY($sourceImage);

    // convert to grayscale
    // note: this will NOT affect your original image, unless
    // originalFileName and destinationFileName are the same
    for ($y = 0; $y <$img_height; $y++) { 
        for ($x = 0; $x <$img_width; $x++) { 
            $rgb = imagecolorat($sourceImage, $x, $y);
            $red   = ($rgb >> 16) & 0xFF;
            $green = ($rgb >> 8)  & 0xFF;
            $blue  = $rgb & 0xFF;

            $gray = round(.299*$red + .587*$green + .114*$blue);
            
            // shift gray level to the left
            $grayR = $gray << 16;   // R: red
            $grayG = $gray << 8;    // G: green
            $grayB = $gray;         // B: blue
            
            // OR operation to compute gray value
            $grayColor = $grayR | $grayG | $grayB;

            // set the pixel color
            imagesetpixel ($sourceImage, $x, $y, $grayColor);
            imagecolorallocate ($sourceImage, $gray, $gray, $gray);
        }
    }

    // copy pixel values to new file buffer
    $destinationImage = ImageCreateTrueColor($img_width, $img_height);
    imagecopy($destinationImage, $sourceImage, 0, 0, 0, 0, $img_width, $img_height);

    // create file on disk
    imagejpeg($destinationImage, $destinationFileName);
    
    // destroy temp image buffers
    imagedestroy($destinationImage);    
    imagedestroy($sourceImage);
?>

Copy-paste, replace the file names on the top and there you go (picture files must be in same folder as this script. If not, you will have to do your own file management).

down

mail at laeubi dot de ¶

21 years ago

This function don't work properly for me on trucolerimages (have not tried yet for other types) it jsut produce a part-grayscale image, and some color get mesed up.
I found a workaround here:
http://www.phpbuilder.com/columns/cash20030526.php3?page=2

[quote]
Advanced Image Editing Under the GD Library
Colorizing
Colorizing images is fairly easy to do. The easiest way to colorize an image is fairly simple to grasp. Create an image of the same dimensions and fill that image with the color you want to change it to. This new image is then placed on top of the older image, giving it a colorized look.

<?php 
function imagecolorize(&$im,&$col,$pct) { 
    // Get the image's width 
    $im_w = imagesx($im);  
    // Get the image's height 
    $im_h = imagesy($im);  
    // Set a pixel with the color, so we can get it easily 
    $setpixel = imagesetpixel($im,$im_w,0,$col);  
    // Get the color 
    $index = imagecolorat($im,$im_w,0);  
    // Find the color in the index 
    $rgb = imagecolorsforindex($im,$index);  
    // Get the red value 
    $r = $rgb["red"]; 
    // Get the green value 
    $g = $rgb["green"];  
    // Get the blue value 
    $b = $rgb["blue"];  
    // Create the layover 
    $layover = imagecreate($im_w,$im_h);  
    // Allocate the color on this image 
    $color = imagecolorallocate($layover,$r,$g,$b);  
    // Fill the image with the new color (this really isn't needed) 
    $fill = imagefill($layover,0,0,$color);  
    // Merge the layover on top of the older image 
    $merge = imagecopymerge($im,$layover,0,0,0,0,$im_w,$im_h,$pct); 
    imagedestroy($layover); // Destroy the layover 
} 
?> 

If we use a blue layover RGB(0,0,255), we get this result:
[/quote]

if you use black or gray, its not perfekt, but better than nothing ;)

down

szamil at ginf dot pl ¶

17 years ago

I've changed a little switch251's code and here we have sephia effect
<?php
   // replace with your files
    $originalFileName    = $filename;
    $destinationFileName = "2".$filename;
    
    // create a copy of the original image
    // works with jpg images
    // fell free to adapt to other formats ;)
    $fullPath = explode(".",$originalFileName);
    $lastIndex = sizeof($fullPath) - 1;
    $extension = $fullPath[$lastIndex];
    if (preg_match("/jpg|jpeg|JPG|JPEG/", $extension))
    {
        $sourceImage = imagecreatefromjpeg($originalFileName);
    }

    // get image dimensions
    $img_width  = imageSX($sourceImage);
    $img_height = imageSY($sourceImage);

    // convert to grayscale
    // note: this will NOT affect your original image, unless
    // originalFileName and destinationFileName are the same
    for ($y = 0; $y <$img_height; $y++) 
    { 
        for ($x = 0; $x <$img_width; $x++) 
        { 
            $rgb = imagecolorat($sourceImage, $x, $y);
            $red   = ($rgb >> 16) & 0xFF;
            $green = ($rgb >> 8)  & 0xFF;
            $blue  = $rgb & 0xFF;

          //sephia
            $red2 = min($red*.393 + $green*.769 + $blue*.189,255);
            $green2 = min($red*.349 + $green*.686 + $blue*.168,255);
            $blue2  = min($red*.272 + $green*.534 + $blue*.131,255);
            // shift gray level to the left
            
            $grayR = $red2 << 16;   // R: red
            $grayG = $green2 << 8 ;    // G: green
            $grayB = $blue2;         // B: blue
            
            // OR operation to compute gray value
            $grayColor = $grayR | $grayG | $grayB;

            
            // set the pixel color
            imagesetpixel ($sourceImage, $x, $y, $grayColor);
            imagecolorallocate ($sourceImage, $gray, $gray, $gray);
        }
    }

    // copy pixel values to new file buffer
    $destinationImage = ImageCreateTrueColor($img_width, $img_height);
    imagecopy($destinationImage, $sourceImage, 0, 0, 0, 0, $img_width, $img_height);

    // create file on disk
    imagejpeg($destinationImage, $destinationFileName);
    
    // destroy temp image buffers
    imagedestroy($destinationImage);    
    imagedestroy($sourceImage);
?>

down

annonymous at example dot com ¶

20 years ago

in addition to code_couturier - try this formula to calculate gray-value (luminance) in his "more exact" way:

$gray = round(.299*$red + .587*$green + .114*$blue);

down

code_couturier at graffiti dot net ¶

21 years ago

# very fast way to generate a grayscal-
# image from a true color image

#...

# --- quick grayscale image
for ($y = 0; $y <$img_height; $y++) { 
 for ($x = 0; $x <$img_width; $x++) { 

 # here we extract the green from 
 # the pixel at x,y , to use it as gray value
 $gray = (ImageColorAt($image, $x, $y) >> 8) & 0xFF;

 # a more exact way would be this:
 # $rgb = ImageColorAt($image, $x, $y);
 # $red = ($rgb >> 16) & 0xFF;
 # $green = (trgb >> 8) & 0xFF;
 # $blue = $rgb & 0xFF;
 # $gray = (int)(($red+$green+$blue)/4); 

 # and here we set the new pixel/color
  imagesetpixel ($image, $x, $y, 
  ImageColorAllocate ($image, $gray,$gray,$gray));
 }
}
 
# ...

down

-1

anonymous at domain dot com ¶

15 years ago

grayscale conversion is built-in with imagefilter(). 

<?php
     /* other code */

     $image = imagecreatefromjpeg('some.jpg');
     imagefilter($image, IMG_FILTER_GRAYSCALE);

     /* other code (ie save) */

     imagedestroy($image);

     /* other code */
?>

you could create the sepia effect by the following:

<?php
     /* other code */

     $image = imagecreatefromjpeg('some.jpg');
     imagefilter($image, IMG_FILTER_GRAYSCALE);
     imagefilter($image, IMG_FILTER_COLORIZE, 112, 66, 20);
     //Wikipedia RGB definition of sepia

     /* other code (ie save) */

     imagedestroy($image);

     /* other code */
?>

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