array_map

(PHP 4 >= 4.0.6, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

array_map 为数组的每个元素应用回调函数

说明

array_map(?callable $callback, array $array, array ...$arrays): array

array_map() 返回一个 array,包含将 array 的相应值作为回调的参数顺序调用 callback 后的结果(如果提供了更多数组,还会利用 arrays 传入)。callback 函数形参的数量必须匹配 array_map() 实参中数组的数量。多余的实参数组将会被忽略。如果提供的实参数组的数量不足,将抛出 ArgumentCountError

参数

callback

回调函数 callable,应用到每个数组里的每个元素。

多个数组操作合并时,callback 可以设置为 null, 并且会返回一个数组,该数组的每个元素都是一个包含相同索引的输入数组元素的数组(见下面的示例)。 如果只提供了 array 一个数组, array_map() 会返回输入的数组。

array

数组,遍历运行 callback 函数。

arrays

额外的数组列表,每个都遍历运行 callback 函数。

返回值

返回数组,包含将 array 的相应值作为回调的参数调用 callback 函数后的结果(如果提供了更多数组,还会利用 arrays 传入)。

当仅仅传入一个数组时,返回的数组会保留传入参数的键(key)。 传入多个数组时,返回的数组键是按顺序的 integer。

更新日志

版本 说明
8.0.0 如果 callback 接受引用传递参数,该方法将会抛出 E_WARNING

示例

示例 #1 array_map() 例子

<?php
function cube($n)
{
return (
$n * $n * $n);
}

$a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
$b = array_map('cube', $a);
print_r($b);
?>

这使得 $b 成为:

Array
(
    [0] => 1
    [1] => 8
    [2] => 27
    [3] => 64
    [4] => 125
)

示例 #2 array_map() 使用匿名函数

<?php
$func
= function(int $value): int {
return
$value * 2;
};

print_r(array_map($func, range(1, 5)));

// 或者从 PHP 7.4.0 起:

print_r(array_map(fn($value): int => $value * 2, range(1, 5)));

?>
Array
(
    [0] => 2
    [1] => 4
    [2] => 6
    [3] => 8
    [4] => 10
)

示例 #3 array_map():使用更多的数组

<?php
function show_Spanish(int $n, string $m): string
{
return
"The number {$n} is called {$m} in Spanish";
}

function
map_Spanish(int $n, string $m): array
{
return [
$n => $m];
}

$a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
$b = ['uno', 'dos', 'tres', 'cuatro', 'cinco'];

$c = array_map('show_Spanish', $a, $b);
print_r($c);

$d = array_map('map_Spanish', $a , $b);
print_r($d);
?>

以上示例会输出:

// 打印 $c
Array
(
    [0] => The number 1 is called uno in Spanish
    [1] => The number 2 is called dos in Spanish
    [2] => The number 3 is called tres in Spanish
    [3] => The number 4 is called cuatro in Spanish
    [4] => The number 5 is called cinco in Spanish
)

// 打印 $d
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [1] => uno
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [2] => dos
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [3] => tres
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [4] => cuatro
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [5] => cinco
        )

)

传入两个及以上的数组时,它们元素数量将会相同。因为回调函数会并行地处理相互对应的元素。 如果几个数组的元素数量不一致:空元素会扩展短那个数组,直到长度和最长的数组一样。

此函数有个有趣的用法:传入 null 作为回调函数的名称,将创建多维数组(一个数组,内部包含数组。)

示例 #4 多个数组的合并操作

<?php
$a
= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
$b = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five'];
$c = ['uno', 'dos', 'tres', 'cuatro', 'cinco'];

$d = array_map(null, $a, $b, $c);
print_r($d);
?>

以上示例会输出:

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => 1
            [1] => one
            [2] => uno
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => 2
            [1] => two
            [2] => dos
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => 3
            [1] => three
            [2] => tres
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [0] => 4
            [1] => four
            [2] => cuatro
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [0] => 5
            [1] => five
            [2] => cinco
        )

)

示例 #5 仅有 array1 时,callback 设置为 null

<?php
$array
= [1, 2, 3];
var_dump(array_map(null, $array));
?>

以上示例会输出:

array(3) {
  [0]=>
  int(1)
  [1]=>
  int(2)
  [2]=>
  int(3)
}

示例 #6 array_map() 键(key)是 string

<?php
$arr
= array("stringkey" => "value");
function
cb1($a) {
return [
$a];
}
function
cb2($a, $b) {
return [
$a, $b];
}
var_dump(array_map('cb1', $arr));
var_dump(array_map('cb2', $arr, $arr));
var_dump(array_map(null, $arr));
var_dump(array_map(null, $arr, $arr));
?>

以上示例会输出:

array(1) {
  ["stringkey"]=>
  array(1) {
    [0]=>
    string(5) "value"
  }
}
array(1) {
  [0]=>
  array(2) {
    [0]=>
    string(5) "value"
    [1]=>
    string(5) "value"
  }
}
array(1) {
  ["stringkey"]=>
  string(5) "value"
}
array(1) {
  [0]=>
  array(2) {
    [0]=>
    string(5) "value"
    [1]=>
    string(5) "value"
  }
}

示例 #7 array_map() - 关联数组

虽然 array_map() 不能直接支持使用数组的键(key)作为输入,但可以使用 array_keys() 进行模拟。

<?php
$arr
= [
'v1' => 'First release',
'v2' => 'Second release',
'v3' => 'Third release',
];

// 注意: 在 7.4.0 之前,使用较长的语法来代替匿名函数。
$callback = fn(string $k, string $v): string => "$k was the $v";

$result = array_map($callback, array_keys($arr), array_values($arr));

var_dump($result);
?>

以上示例会输出:

array(3) {
  [0]=>
  string(24) "v1 was the First release"
  [1]=>
  string(25) "v2 was the Second release"
  [2]=>
  string(24) "v3 was the Third release"
}

参见

  • array_filter() - 使用回调函数过滤数组的元素
  • array_reduce() - 用回调函数迭代地将数组简化为单一的值
  • array_walk() - 使用用户自定义函数对数组中的每个元素做回调处理

添加备注

用户贡献的备注 8 notes

up
33
lukasz dot mordawski at gmail dot com
11 years ago
Let's assume we have following situation:<?phpclass MyFilterClass {    public function filter(array $arr) {        return array_map(function($value) {            return $this->privateFilterMethod($value);        });    }    private function privateFilterMethod($value) {        if (is_numeric($value)) $value++;        else $value .= '.';    }}?>This will work, because $this inside anonymous function (unlike for example javascript) is the instance of MyFilterClass inside which we called it.I hope this would be useful for anyone.
up
23
radist-hack at yandex dot ru
16 years ago
To transpose rectangular two-dimension array, use the following code:array_unshift($array, null);$array = call_user_func_array("array_map", $array);If you need to rotate rectangular two-dimension array on 90 degree, add the following line before or after (depending on the rotation direction you need) the code above:$array = array_reverse($array);Here is example:<?php$a = array(  array(1, 2, 3),  array(4, 5, 6));array_unshift($a, null);$a = call_user_func_array("array_map", $a);print_r($a);?>Output:Array(    [0] => Array        (            [0] => 1            [1] => 4        )    [1] => Array        (            [0] => 2            [1] => 5        )    [2] => Array        (            [0] => 3            [1] => 6        ))
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5
s dot kientzler at online dot de
2 years ago
If the callback function to be called is a static method from a different namespace, the fully qualified method including namespace must be specified (a use statement is not sufficient to resolve the namespace of the callback function)<?phpuse MyTools;$arr = [1, 2, 3];$arr = array_map('Tools::myHelper', $arr);?>will cause TypeError: array_map() expects parameter 1 to be a valid callback, class 'Tools' not found.Use the fully qualified name for the callback instead:<?php$arr = [1, 2, 3];$arr = array_map('\MyTools\Tools::myHelper', $arr);?>
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16
Mahn
9 years ago
You may be looking for a method to extract values of a multidimensional array on a conditional basis (i.e. a mixture between array_map and array_filter) other than a for/foreach loop. If so, you can take advantage of the fact that 1) the callback method on array_map returns null if no explicit return value is specified (as with everything else) and 2) array_filter with no arguments removes falsy values. So for example, provided you have:<?php$data = [    [        "name" => "John",        "smoker" => false    ],    [        "name" => "Mary",        "smoker" => true    ],    [        "name" => "Peter",        "smoker" => false    ],    [        "name" => "Tony",        "smoker" => true    ]];?>You can extract the names of all the non-smokers with the following one-liner:<?php$names = array_filter(array_map(function($n) { if(!$n['smoker']) return $n['name']; }, $data));?>It's not necessarily better than a for/foreach loop, but the occasional one-liner for trivial tasks can help keep your code cleaner.
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11
CertaiN
11 years ago
The most memory-efficient array_map_recursive().<?phpfunction array_map_recursive(callable $func, array $arr) {    array_walk_recursive($arr, function(&$v) use ($func) {        $v = $func($v);    });    return $arr;}?>
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4
Walf
3 years ago
A general solution for the problem of wanting to know the keys in the callback, and/or retain the key association in the returned array:<?php/** * Like array_map() but callback also gets passed the current key as the * first argument like so: * function($key, $val, ...$vals) { ... } * ...and returned array always maintains key association, even if multiple * array arguments are passed. */function array_map_assoc(callable $callback, array $array, array ...$arrays) {    $keys = array_keys($array);    array_unshift($arrays, $keys, $array);    return array_combine($keys, array_map($callback, ...$arrays));}?>Because it uses array_map() directly, it behaves the same way in regard to ignoring the keys of subsequent array arguments. It also has the same variadic signature.
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9
stijnleenknegt at gmail dot com
17 years ago
If you want to pass an argument like ENT_QUOTES to htmlentities, you can do the follow.<?php$array = array_map( 'htmlentities' , $array, array_fill(0 , count($array) , ENT_QUOTES) );?>The third argument creates an equal sized array of $array filled with the parameter you want to give with your callback function.
up
2
anonymous_user
3 years ago
/**   * Function which recursively applies a callback to all values and also its  * keys, and returns the resulting array copy with the updated keys and   * values.  * PHP's built-in function array_walk_recursive() only applies the passed   * callback to the array values, not the keys, so this function simply applies  * the callback to the keys too (hence the need of working with a copy,   * as also updating the keys would lead to reference loss of the original  * array). I needed something like this, hence my idea of sharing it here.  *  * @param    callable    $func     callback which takes one parameter (value   *                                                   or key to be updated) and returns its   *                                                   updated value  *  * @param    array          $arr      array of which keys and values shall be   *                                                   get updated   */function array_map_recursive(    callable $func,    array $arr) {      // Initiate copied array which will hold all updated keys + values      $result = [];      // Iterate through the key-value pairs of the array      foreach ( $arr as $key => $value ) {        // Apply the callback to the key to create the updated key value        $updated_key = $func( $key );        // If the iterated value is not an array, that means we have reached the        // deepest array level for the iterated key, so in that case, assign        // the updated value to the updated key value in the final output array        if ( ! is_array( $value ) ) {          $result[$updated_key] = $func( $value );        } else {          // If the iterated value is an array, call the function recursively,          // By taking the currently iterated value as the $arr argument          $result[$updated_key] = array_map_recursive(            $func,            $arr[$key]          );        }      } // end of iteration through k-v pairs      // And at the very end, return the generated result set      return $result;    } // end of array_map_recursive() function definition
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