array_map

(PHP 4 >= 4.0.6, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

array_map — 为数组的每个元素应用回调函数

说明

array_map(?callable $callback, array $array, array ...$arrays): array

array_map() 返回一个 array，包含将 array 的相应值作为回调的参数顺序调用 callback 后的结果（如果提供了更多数组，还会利用 arrays 传入）。callback 函数形参的数量必须匹配 array_map() 实参中数组的数量。多余的实参数组将会被忽略。如果提供的实参数组的数量不足，将抛出 ArgumentCountError。

参数

callback

回调函数 callable，应用到每个数组里的每个元素。

多个数组操作合并时，callback 可以设置为 null，并且会返回一个数组，该数组的每个元素都是一个包含相同索引的输入数组元素的数组（见下面的示例）。如果只提供了 array 一个数组， array_map() 会返回输入的数组。

array

数组，遍历运行 callback 函数。

arrays

额外的数组列表，每个都遍历运行 callback 函数。

返回值

返回数组，包含将 array 的相应值作为回调的参数调用 callback 函数后的结果（如果提供了更多数组，还会利用 arrays 传入）。

当仅仅传入一个数组时，返回的数组会保留传入参数的键（key）。传入多个数组时，返回的数组键是按顺序的 integer。

更新日志

版本	说明
8.0.0	如果 `callback` 接受引用传递参数，该方法将会抛出 `E_WARNING`。

示例

示例 #1 array_map() 例子

<?php
function cube($n)
{
    return ($n * $n * $n);
}

$a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
$b = array_map('cube', $a);
print_r($b);
?>

这使得 $b 成为：

Array
(
    [0] => 1
    [1] => 8
    [2] => 27
    [3] => 64
    [4] => 125
)

示例 #2 array_map() 使用匿名函数

<?php
$func = function(int $value): int {
    return $value * 2;
};

print_r(array_map($func, range(1, 5)));

// 或者从 PHP 7.4.0 起：

print_r(array_map(fn($value): int => $value * 2, range(1, 5)));

?>

Array
(
    [0] => 2
    [1] => 4
    [2] => 6
    [3] => 8
    [4] => 10
)

示例 #3 array_map()：使用更多的数组

<?php
function show_Spanish(int $n, string $m): string
{
    return "The number {$n} is called {$m} in Spanish";
}

function map_Spanish(int $n, string $m): array
{
    return [$n => $m];
}

$a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
$b = ['uno', 'dos', 'tres', 'cuatro', 'cinco'];

$c = array_map('show_Spanish', $a, $b);
print_r($c);

$d = array_map('map_Spanish', $a , $b);
print_r($d);
?>

以上示例会输出：

// 打印 $c
Array
(
    [0] => The number 1 is called uno in Spanish
    [1] => The number 2 is called dos in Spanish
    [2] => The number 3 is called tres in Spanish
    [3] => The number 4 is called cuatro in Spanish
    [4] => The number 5 is called cinco in Spanish
)

// 打印 $d
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [1] => uno
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [2] => dos
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [3] => tres
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [4] => cuatro
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [5] => cinco
        )

)

传入两个及以上的数组时，它们元素数量将会相同。因为回调函数会并行地处理相互对应的元素。如果几个数组的元素数量不一致：空元素会扩展短那个数组，直到长度和最长的数组一样。

此函数有个有趣的用法：传入 null 作为回调函数的名称，将创建多维数组（一个数组，内部包含数组。）

示例 #4 多个数组的合并操作

<?php
$a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
$b = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five'];
$c = ['uno', 'dos', 'tres', 'cuatro', 'cinco'];

$d = array_map(null, $a, $b, $c);
print_r($d);
?>

以上示例会输出：

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => 1
            [1] => one
            [2] => uno
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => 2
            [1] => two
            [2] => dos
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => 3
            [1] => three
            [2] => tres
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [0] => 4
            [1] => four
            [2] => cuatro
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [0] => 5
            [1] => five
            [2] => cinco
        )

)

示例 #5 仅有 array1 时，callback 设置为 null

<?php
$array = [1, 2, 3];
var_dump(array_map(null, $array));
?>

以上示例会输出：

array(3) {
  [0]=>
  int(1)
  [1]=>
  int(2)
  [2]=>
  int(3)
}

示例 #6 array_map() 键（key）是 string

<?php
$arr = array("stringkey" => "value");
function cb1($a) {
    return [$a];
}
function cb2($a, $b) {
    return [$a, $b];
}
var_dump(array_map('cb1', $arr));
var_dump(array_map('cb2', $arr, $arr));
var_dump(array_map(null,  $arr));
var_dump(array_map(null, $arr, $arr));
?>

以上示例会输出：

array(1) {
  ["stringkey"]=>
  array(1) {
    [0]=>
    string(5) "value"
  }
}
array(1) {
  [0]=>
  array(2) {
    [0]=>
    string(5) "value"
    [1]=>
    string(5) "value"
  }
}
array(1) {
  ["stringkey"]=>
  string(5) "value"
}
array(1) {
  [0]=>
  array(2) {
    [0]=>
    string(5) "value"
    [1]=>
    string(5) "value"
  }
}

示例 #7 array_map() - 关联数组

虽然 array_map() 不能直接支持使用数组的键（key）作为输入，但可以使用 array_keys() 进行模拟。

<?php
$arr = [
    'v1' => 'First release',
    'v2' => 'Second release',
    'v3' => 'Third release',
];

// 注意： 在 7.4.0 之前，使用较长的语法来代替匿名函数。
$callback = fn(string $k, string $v): string => "$k was the $v";

$result = array_map($callback, array_keys($arr), array_values($arr));

var_dump($result);
?>

以上示例会输出：

array(3) {
  [0]=>
  string(24) "v1 was the First release"
  [1]=>
  string(25) "v2 was the Second release"
  [2]=>
  string(24) "v3 was the Third release"
}

参见

array_filter() - 使用回调函数过滤数组的元素
array_reduce() - 用回调函数迭代地将数组简化为单一的值
array_walk() - 使用用户自定义函数对数组中的每个元素做回调处理

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＋添加备注

用户贡献的备注 8 notes

down

lukasz dot mordawski at gmail dot com ¶

11 years ago

Let's assume we have following situation:

<?php
class MyFilterClass {
    public function filter(array $arr) {
        return array_map(function($value) {
            return $this->privateFilterMethod($value);
        });
    }

    private function privateFilterMethod($value) {
        if (is_numeric($value)) $value++;
        else $value .= '.';
    }
}
?>

This will work, because $this inside anonymous function (unlike for example javascript) is the instance of MyFilterClass inside which we called it.
I hope this would be useful for anyone.

down

radist-hack at yandex dot ru ¶

16 years ago

To transpose rectangular two-dimension array, use the following code:

array_unshift($array, null);
$array = call_user_func_array("array_map", $array);

If you need to rotate rectangular two-dimension array on 90 degree, add the following line before or after (depending on the rotation direction you need) the code above:
$array = array_reverse($array);

Here is example:

<?php
$a = array(
  array(1, 2, 3),
  array(4, 5, 6));
array_unshift($a, null);
$a = call_user_func_array("array_map", $a);
print_r($a);
?>

Output:

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => 1
            [1] => 4
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => 2
            [1] => 5
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => 3
            [1] => 6
        )

)

down

Mahn ¶

9 years ago

You may be looking for a method to extract values of a multidimensional array on a conditional basis (i.e. a mixture between array_map and array_filter) other than a for/foreach loop. If so, you can take advantage of the fact that 1) the callback method on array_map returns null if no explicit return value is specified (as with everything else) and 2) array_filter with no arguments removes falsy values. 

So for example, provided you have:

<?php
$data = [
    [
        "name" => "John",
        "smoker" => false
    ],
    [
        "name" => "Mary",
        "smoker" => true
    ],
    [
        "name" => "Peter",
        "smoker" => false
    ],
    [
        "name" => "Tony",
        "smoker" => true
    ]
];
?>

You can extract the names of all the non-smokers with the following one-liner:

<?php
$names = array_filter(array_map(function($n) { if(!$n['smoker']) return $n['name']; }, $data));
?>

It's not necessarily better than a for/foreach loop, but the occasional one-liner for trivial tasks can help keep your code cleaner.

down

s dot kientzler at online dot de ¶

1 year ago

If the callback function to be called is a static method from a different namespace, the fully qualified method including namespace must be specified (a use statement is not sufficient to resolve the namespace of the callback function)

<?php
use MyTools;

$arr = [1, 2, 3];

$arr = array_map('Tools::myHelper', $arr);
?>

will cause TypeError: 
array_map() expects parameter 1 to be a valid callback, class 'Tools' not found.

Use the fully qualified name for the callback instead:

<?php
$arr = [1, 2, 3];

$arr = array_map('\MyTools\Tools::myHelper', $arr);
?>

down

CertaiN ¶

11 years ago

The most memory-efficient array_map_recursive().

<?php
function array_map_recursive(callable $func, array $arr) {
    array_walk_recursive($arr, function(&$v) use ($func) {
        $v = $func($v);
    });
    return $arr;
}
?>

down

stijnleenknegt at gmail dot com ¶

16 years ago

If you want to pass an argument like ENT_QUOTES to htmlentities, you can do the follow.

<?php
$array = array_map( 'htmlentities' , $array, array_fill(0 , count($array) , ENT_QUOTES) );
?>

The third argument creates an equal sized array of $array filled with the parameter you want to give with your callback function.

down

Walf ¶

2 years ago

A general solution for the problem of wanting to know the keys in the callback, and/or retain the key association in the returned array:

<?php

/**
 * Like array_map() but callback also gets passed the current key as the
 * first argument like so:
 * function($key, $val, ...$vals) { ... }
 * ...and returned array always maintains key association, even if multiple
 * array arguments are passed.
 */

function array_map_assoc(callable $callback, array $array, array ...$arrays) {
    $keys = array_keys($array);
    array_unshift($arrays, $keys, $array);
    return array_combine($keys, array_map($callback, ...$arrays));
}

?>

Because it uses array_map() directly, it behaves the same way in regard to ignoring the keys of subsequent array arguments. It also has the same variadic signature.

down

anonymous_user ¶

3 years ago

/** 
  * Function which recursively applies a callback to all values and also its
  * keys, and returns the resulting array copy with the updated keys and 
  * values.
  * PHP's built-in function array_walk_recursive() only applies the passed 
  * callback to the array values, not the keys, so this function simply applies
  * the callback to the keys too (hence the need of working with a copy, 
  * as also updating the keys would lead to reference loss of the original
  * array). I needed something like this, hence my idea of sharing it here.
  *
  * @param    callable    $func     callback which takes one parameter (value 
  *                                                   or key to be updated) and returns its 
  *                                                   updated value
  *
  * @param    array          $arr      array of which keys and values shall be 
  *                                                   get updated 
  */

function array_map_recursive(
    callable $func,
    array $arr
) {

      // Initiate copied array which will hold all updated keys + values
      $result = [];

      // Iterate through the key-value pairs of the array
      foreach ( $arr as $key => $value ) {

        // Apply the callback to the key to create the updated key value
        $updated_key = $func( $key );

        // If the iterated value is not an array, that means we have reached the
        // deepest array level for the iterated key, so in that case, assign
        // the updated value to the updated key value in the final output array
        if ( ! is_array( $value ) ) {

          $result[$updated_key] = $func( $value );

        } else {

          // If the iterated value is an array, call the function recursively,
          // By taking the currently iterated value as the $arr argument
          $result[$updated_key] = array_map_recursive(
            $func,
            $arr[$key]
          );

        }

      } // end of iteration through k-v pairs

      // And at the very end, return the generated result set
      return $result;

    } // end of array_map_recursive() function definition