in_array

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

in_array — 检查数组中是否存在某个值

说明

in_array(mixed $needle, array $haystack, bool $strict = false): bool

大海捞针，在大海（haystack）中搜索针（ needle），如果没有设置 strict 则使用宽松的比较。

参数

needle: 待搜索的值。

注意:
如果 needle 是字符串，则比较是区分大小写的。
haystack: 待搜索的数组。
strict: 如果第三个参数 strict 的值为 true 则 in_array() 函数还会检查 needle 的类型是否和 haystack 中的相同。

注意:
在 PHP 8.0.0 之前，string needle 在非严格模式下将会匹配数组中的值 0，反之亦然。这可能会导致不希望的结果。其它类型也存在类似的边缘情况。如果不是绝对确定有关值的类型，请始终使用 strict flag 以避免意外行为。

返回值

如果找到 needle 则返回 true，否则返回 false。

示例

示例 #1 in_array() 例子

<?php
$os = array("Mac", "NT", "Irix", "Linux");
if (in_array("Irix", $os)) {
    echo "Got Irix";
}
if (in_array("mac", $os)) {
    echo "Got mac";
}
?>

第二个条件失败，因为 in_array() 是区分大小写的，所以以上程序显示为：

Got Irix

示例 #2 in_array() 严格类型检查例子

<?php
$a = array('1.10', 12.4, 1.13);

if (in_array('12.4', $a, true)) {
    echo "'12.4' found with strict check\n";
}

if (in_array(1.13, $a, true)) {
    echo "1.13 found with strict check\n";
}
?>

以上示例会输出：

1.13 found with strict check

示例 #3 in_array() 中用数组作为 needle

<?php
$a = array(array('p', 'h'), array('p', 'r'), 'o');

if (in_array(array('p', 'h'), $a)) {
    echo "'ph' was found\n";
}

if (in_array(array('f', 'i'), $a)) {
    echo "'fi' was found\n";
}

if (in_array('o', $a)) {
    echo "'o' was found\n";
}
?>

以上示例会输出：

'ph' was found
  'o' was found

参见

array_search() - 在数组中搜索给定的值，如果成功则返回首个相应的键名
isset() - 检测变量是否已声明并且其值不为 null
array_key_exists() - 检查数组里是否有指定的键名或索引

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down

414

beingmrkenny at gmail dot com ¶

13 years ago

Loose checking returns some crazy, counter-intuitive results when used with certain arrays. It is completely correct behaviour, due to PHP's leniency on variable types, but in "real-life" is almost useless.

The solution is to use the strict checking option.

<?php

// Example array

$array = array(
    'egg' => true,
    'cheese' => false,
    'hair' => 765,
    'goblins' => null,
    'ogres' => 'no ogres allowed in this array'
);

// Loose checking -- return values are in comments

// First three make sense, last four do not

in_array(null, $array); // true
in_array(false, $array); // true
in_array(765, $array); // true
in_array(763, $array); // true
in_array('egg', $array); // true
in_array('hhh', $array); // true
in_array(array(), $array); // true

// Strict checking

in_array(null, $array, true); // true
in_array(false, $array, true); // true
in_array(765, $array, true); // true
in_array(763, $array, true); // false
in_array('egg', $array, true); // false
in_array('hhh', $array, true); // false
in_array(array(), $array, true); // false

?>

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Julian Sawicki ¶

1 year ago

Here is a recursive in_array function: 

<?php

$myNumbers = [
    [1,2,3,4,5],
    [6,7,8,9,10],
];

$array = [
    'numbers' => $myNumbers
];

// Let's try to find number 7 within $array
$hasNumber = in_array(7, $array, true); // bool(false)
$hasNumber = in_array_recursive(7, $array, true); // bool(true)

function in_array_recursive(mixed $needle, array $haystack, bool $strict): bool
{
    foreach ($haystack as $element) {
        if ($element === $needle) {
            return true;
        }

        $isFound = false;
        if (is_array($element)) {
            $isFound = in_array_recursive($needle, $element, $strict);
        }
        
        if ($isFound === true) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

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rhill at xenu-directory dot net ¶

15 years ago

I found out that in_array will *not* find an associative array within a haystack of associative arrays in strict mode if the keys were not generated in the *same order*:

<?php

$needle = array(
    'fruit'=>'banana', 'vegetable'=>'carrot'
    );

$haystack = array(
    array('vegetable'=>'carrot', 'fruit'=>'banana'),
    array('fruit'=>'apple', 'vegetable'=>'celery')
    );

echo in_array($needle, $haystack, true) ? 'true' : 'false';
// Output is 'false'

echo in_array($needle, $haystack) ? 'true' : 'false';
// Output is 'true'

?>

I had wrongly assumed the order of the items in an associative array were irrelevant, regardless of whether 'strict' is TRUE or FALSE: The order is irrelevant *only* if not in strict mode.

down

leonhard dot radonic+phpnet at gmail dot com ¶

2 years ago

I got an unexpected behavior working with in_array. I'm using following code:

<?php
// ...
$someId = getSomeId(); // it gets generated/fetched by another service, so I don't know what value it will have. P.S.: it's an integer

// The actual data in my edge-case scenario:
// $someId = 0;
// $anyArray = ['dataOne', 'dataTwo'];
if (in_array($someId, $anyArray)) {
    // do some work
}
// ...
?>

With PHP7.4, in_array returns boolean true.
With PHP8.1, in_array returns boolean false.

It took me quite some time to find out what's going on.

down

eurorusty at yahoo dot ca ¶

24 days ago

I'm not sure why PHP doesn't provide a way to specify a binary search. Here's an example of the performance gains, for this array size, about 50x improvement using interpreted PHP. If built in, it could probably achieve around 1000x improvement, again for this array size.

<?php

// Set up sorted array
$X = array(1);
for ($j = 1; $j < 50000; ++$j)
    $X[] = $X[$j - 1] + rand(1, 6);

// Using in_array
$x = -microtime(true);
$m = 0;
for ($j = 0; $j < 10000; ++$j)
    $m += in_array(rand(1, 175000), $X);
$x += microtime(true);
echo $x.PHP_EOL;

// Using binarySearch
$x = -microtime(true);
$m = 0;
for ($j = 0; $j < 10000; ++$j)
    $m += binarySearch($X, rand(1, 175000));
$x += microtime(true);
echo $x.PHP_EOL;

function binarySearch($array, $value) {
    $low = 0;
    $high = count($array) - 1;
    while ($low <= $high) {
        $pivot = floor(($low + $high) / 2);
        if ($array[$pivot] == $value)
            return true;
        if ($value < $array[$pivot])
            $high = $pivot - 1;
        else
            $low = $pivot + 1;
    }
    // No match
    return false;
}

/* Sample outputs, first is in_array, second is binarySearch
1.3544600009918
0.026464939117432

1.6158990859985
0.033976078033447

1.5184400081635
0.026461124420166
*/

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-4

Armands Rieksti ¶

1 year ago

I'd like to point out that, if you're using Enum data structures and want to compare whether an array of strings has a certain string Enum in it, you need to cast it to a string.

From what I've tested, the function works correctly:
if the array is filled with strings and you're searching for a string;
if the array is filled with Enums and you're searching for an Enum.