ucfirst

Simple multi-bytes ucfirst():<?phpfunction my_mb_ucfirst($str) {    $fc = mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($str, 0, 1));    return $fc.mb_substr($str, 1);}?>

I believe that mb_ucfirst will be soon added in PHP, but for now this could be useful<?phpif (!function_exists('mb_ucfirst') && function_exists('mb_substr')) {    function mb_ucfirst($string) {        $string = mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($string, 0, 1)) . mb_substr($string, 1);        return $string;    }}?>it also check is mb support enabled or not

Using this function for Turkish language is won't work because of multi-byte characters. But you can use some tricks:<?phpfunction ucfirst_tr($str) {    $trMap = ['Ğ'=>'ğ','Ü'=>'ü','Ş'=>'ş','İ'=>'i','Ö'=>'ö','Ç'=>'ç','I'=>'ı'];    $str = mb_strtolower(strtr($str, $trMap));    $first = mb_substr($str, 0, 1);    $first = strtr($first, array_flip($trMap));    $first = mb_strtoupper($first);    return $first . mb_substr($str, 1);}?>

A proper Turkish solution;<?phpfunction ucfirst_turkish($str) {    $tmp = preg_split("//u", $str, 2, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);    return mb_convert_case(        str_replace("i", "İ", $tmp[0]), MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8").        $tmp[1];}$str = "iyilik güzelLİK";echo ucfirst($str) ."\n";   // Iyilik güzelLİKecho ucfirst_turkish($str); // İyilik güzelLİK?>

This is what I use for converting strings to sentence case:

<?php
function sentence_case($string) {
    $sentences = preg_split('/([.?!]+)/', $string, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY|PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
    $new_string = '';
    foreach ($sentences as $key => $sentence) {
        $new_string .= ($key & 1) == 0?
            ucfirst(strtolower(trim($sentence))) :
            $sentence.' ';
    }
    return trim($new_string);
}

print sentence_case('HMM. WOW! WHAT?');

// Outputs: "Hmm. Wow! What?"
?>

Implementation of multi-bytes ucfirst for "multiword"-strings (module mbstring is required):<?phppublic static function ucfirst($str){    $str = mb_strtolower($str);    $words = preg_split('/\b/u', $str, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);    foreach ($words as $word) {        $ucword = mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($word, 0, 1)) . mb_substr($word, 1);        $str = str_replace($word, $ucword, $str);    }    return $str;}?>

Here's a function to capitalize segments of a name, and put the rest into lower case. You can pass the characters you want to use as delimiters.i.e. <?php echo nameize("john o'grady-smith"); ?>returns John O'Grady-Smith<?phpfunction nameize($str,$a_char = array("'","-"," ")){        //$str contains the complete raw name string    //$a_char is an array containing the characters we use as separators for capitalization. If you don't pass anything, there are three in there as default.    $string = strtolower($str);    foreach ($a_char as $temp){        $pos = strpos($string,$temp);        if ($pos){            //we are in the loop because we found one of the special characters in the array, so lets split it up into chunks and capitalize each one.            $mend = '';            $a_split = explode($temp,$string);            foreach ($a_split as $temp2){                //capitalize each portion of the string which was separated at a special character                $mend .= ucfirst($temp2).$temp;                }            $string = substr($mend,0,-1);            }            }    return ucfirst($string);    }?>

Here is the fixed function for Turkish alphabet..<?phpfunction uc_first($str){   $str[0] = strtr($str,    "abcdefgh?ijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".   "\x9C\x9A\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3".   "\xE4\xE5\xE6\xE7\xE8\xE9".   "\xEA\xEB\xEC\xED\xEE\xEF".   "\xF0\xF1\xF2\xF3\xF4\xF5".   "\xF6\xF8\xF9\xFA\xFB\xFC".   "\xFE\xFF",    "ABCDEFGHI?JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".   "\x8C\x8A\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4".   "\xC5\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xCA\xCB".   "\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF\xD0\xD1\xD2".   "\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6\xD8\xD9\xDA".   "\xDB\xDC\xDE\x9F");   return $str;}?>

Improved method of capitalizing first characters of sentences.The first two manipulations (double spaces & all caps) are optional so can be removed without harm.<?php// return string with first letters of sentences capitalizedfunction ucsentence($str) {  if ($str) { // input    $str = preg_replace('/'.chr(32).chr(32).'+/', chr(32), $str); // recursively replaces all double spaces with a space    if (($x = substr($str, 0, 10)) && ($x == strtoupper($x))) $str = strtolower($str); // sample of first 10 chars is ALLCAPS so convert $str to lowercase; if always done then any proper capitals would be lost    $na = array('. ', '! ', '? '); // punctuation needles    foreach ($na as $n) { // each punctuation needle      if (strpos($str, $n) !== false) { // punctuation needle found        $sa = explode($n, $str); // split        foreach ($sa as $s) $ca[] = ucfirst($s); // capitalize        $str = implode($n, $ca); // replace $str with rebuilt version        unset($ca); //  clear for next loop      }    }    return ucfirst(trim($str)); // capitalize first letter in case no punctuation needles found  }}?>"heLLo EarthLing!" >> "HeLLo EarthLing!""I'M MOSTLY. caps!  " >> "I'm mostly. Caps!""ALLCAPS" >> "Allcaps""i haVe neST.ed punct,u.ation!  sp    A  c es.  and CAPs..  " >> "I haVe neST.ed punct,u.ation! Sp A c es. And CAPs.."

I made a small change. Now it takes care of points in numbersfunction ucsentence ($string){   $string = explode ('.', $string);   $count = count ($string);   for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++){       $string[$i]  = ucfirst (trim ($string[$i]));       if ($i > 0){           if ((ord($string[$i]{0})<48) || (ord($string[$i]{0})>57)) {              $string[$i] = ' ' . $string[$i];           }          }   }   $string = implode ('.', $string);   return $string;}

My version, converst first letter of the first word in the string to uppercasepublic function mb_ucfirst($str) {        $aParts = explode(" ",$str);        $firstWord = mb_convert_case($aParts[0],MB_CASE_TITLE,"UTF-8");        unset($aParts[0]);        return $firstWord." ".implode(" ",$aParts);    }

if you want to ucfirst for utf8 try this one:

<?php
function ucfirst_utf8($stri){
 if($stri{0}>="\xc3")
     return (($stri{1}>="\xa0")?
     ($stri{0}.chr(ord($stri{1})-32)):
     ($stri{0}.$stri{1})).substr($stri,2);
 else return ucfirst($stri);
}
?>

It is quick, not language (but utf8) dependend and does not use any mb-functions such as mb_ucfirst.

for anyone wanting to ucfirst each word in a sentence this works for me:

<?php
function ucfirst_sentence($str)
{
    return preg_replace('/\b(\w)/e', 'strtoupper("$1")', $str);
}
?>

For lithuanian text with utf-8 encoding I use two functions (thanks [mattalexxpub at gmail dot com] and Svetoslav Marinov)

<?php
function my_ucfirst($string, $e ='utf-8') {
    if (function_exists('mb_strtoupper') && function_exists('mb_substr') && !empty($string)) {
        $string = mb_strtolower($string, $e);
        $upper = mb_strtoupper($string, $e);
            preg_match('#(.)#us', $upper, $matches);
            $string = $matches[1] . mb_substr($string, 1, mb_strlen($string, $e), $e);
    }
    else {
        $string = ucfirst($string);
    }
    return $string;
}

function sentence_case($string) {
    $sentences = preg_split('/([.?!]+)/', $string, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY|PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
    $new_string = '';
    foreach ($sentences as $key => $sentence) {
        $new_string .= ($key & 1) == 0?
            my_ucfirst(strtolower(trim($sentence))) :
            $sentence.' ';  
    }
    return trim($new_string);
}
?>

Format the input string:<?phpfunction ucsentences($string){    $parts = preg_split('/([^\.\!\?;]+[\.\!\?;"]+)/', strtolower($string), (-1), PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE|PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);     $r = '';    foreach($parts as $key=>$sentence){        $r .= ucfirst(trim($sentence)) . ' ';    }    $r = preg_replace('/\bi\b/', 'I', $r);    $r = preg_replace_callback('/("[a-z])/', function($m){ return strtoupper($m[0]);}, $r);    return rtrim($r);}$str = 'i\'m not sure. if this is good enough, but i thought: "hey, who know\'s. maybe i am right."';?>Outputs:I'm not sure. If this is good enough, but I thought: "Hey, who know's. Maybe I am right."

Turkish solution:<?phpmb_internal_encoding("UTF-8");mb_regex_encoding("UTF-8");function tr_ilkbuyuk($text){    $text = str_replace("I","ı",$text);    $text = mb_strtolower($text, 'UTF-8');        if($text[0] == "i")        $tr_text = "İ".substr($text, 1);    else        $tr_text = mb_convert_case($text, MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8");        return trim($tr_text);}function tr_ucwords($text){    $p = explode(" ",$text);    if(is_array($p))    {        $tr_text = "";        foreach($p AS $item)            $tr_text .= " ".tr_ilkbuyuk($item);                    return trim($tr_text);    }    else        return tr_ilkbuyuk($text);}$deger = "ıişllşlsdg";echo tr_ucwords($deger);?>

plemieux' function did not work for me without passing the encoding to every single mb function (despite ini_set('default_charset', 'utf-8') at the top of the script). This is the example that works in my application (PHP 4.3):<?phpfunction my_mb_ucfirst($str, $e='utf-8') {    $fc = mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($str, 0, 1, $e), $e);     return $fc.mb_substr($str, 1, mb_strlen($str, $e), $e);}?>

For some reason this worked for me.

Mac OS 10.5.1 
PHP 5.2.6

<?php
   /**
     * ucfirst UTF-8 aware function
     *
     * @param string $string
     * @return string
     * @see http://ca.php.net/ucfirst
     */
    function my_ucfirst($string, $e ='utf-8') {
        if (function_exists('mb_strtoupper') && function_exists('mb_substr') && !empty($string)) {
            $string = mb_strtolower($string, $e);
            $upper = mb_strtoupper($string, $e);
            preg_match('#(.)#us', $upper, $matches);
            $string = $matches[1] . mb_substr($string, 1, mb_strlen($string, $e), $e);
        } else {
            $string = ucfirst($string);
        }
        return $string;
    }
?>

Svetoslav Marinov
http://slavi.biz

Simple function for use ucfirst with utf-8 encoded cyrylic text

<?php
    public function capitalize_first($str) {
        $line = iconv("UTF-8", "Windows-1251", $str); // convert to windows-1251
        $line = ucfirst($line);
        $line = iconv("Windows-1251", "UTF-8", $line); // convert back to utf-8
        
        return $line;
    }
?>

If someone looks for the equivalent on Oracle DB, here it is: INITCAP. Hope this helps!

Inspired by the lcfirst function a simple mb_lcfirst to cope with multibyte strings:<?phpfunction mb_lcfirst($str, $enc = null){  if($enc === null) $enc = mb_internal_encoding();  return mb_strtolower(mb_substr($str, 0, 1, $enc), $enc).mb_substr($str, 1, mb_strlen($str, $enc), $enc);}?>

Ken and zeeOne thing I would do to make this more unviersally work would be to add strtolower() around your $sentence.  Doing this will allow you to convert an all caps text block as well as an all lowercase text block.<?phpfunction sentence_cap($impexp, $sentence_split) {    $textbad=explode($impexp, $sentence_split);    $newtext = array();    foreach ($textbad as $sentence) {        $sentencegood=ucfirst(strtolower($sentence));        $newtext[] = $sentencegood;    }    $textgood = implode($impexp, $newtext);    return $textgood;}$text = "this is a sentence. this is another sentence! this is the fourth sentence? no, this is the fourth sentence.";$text = sentence_cap(". ",$text);$text = sentence_cap("! ",$text);$text = sentence_cap("? ",$text);echo $text; // This is a sentence. This is another sentence! This is the fourth sentence? No, this is the fourth sentence.?>

A combination of the below functions to enable ucfirst for multibyte strings in a shared hosting environment (where you can not always count on mbstring to be installed):<?phpfunction my_mb_ucfirst($str, $e='utf-8') {    if (function_exists('mb_strtoupper')) {        $fc = mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($str, 0, 1, $e), $e);         return $fc.mb_substr($str, 1, mb_strlen($str, $e), $e);    }    else {         $str = utf8_decode($str);        $str[0] = strtr($str[0],            "abcdefghýijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".            "\x9C\x9A\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3".            "\xE4\xE5\xE6\xE7\xE8\xE9".            "\xEA\xEB\xEC\xED\xEE\xEF".            "\xF0\xF1\xF2\xF3\xF4\xF5".            "\xF6\xF8\xF9\xFA\xFB\xFC".            "\xFE\xFF",            "ABCDEFGHÝIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".            "\x8C\x8A\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4".            "\xC5\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xCA\xCB".            "\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF\xD0\xD1\xD2".            "\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6\xD8\xD9\xDA".            "\xDB\xDC\xDE\x9F");        return utf8_encode($str);    }}?>

This is a simple code to get all the 'bad words', stored in a database, out of the text. You could use str_ireplace but since that's installed on PHP5 only, this works as well. It strtolowers the text first then places capitals with ucfirst() where it thinks a capital should be placed, at a new sentence. The previous sentence is ended by '. ' then.<?phpfunction filter($text){    $filters=mysql_query("SELECT word,result FROM filter");    while($filter=mysql_fetch_array($filters)){        $text=str_replace($filter[word],$filter[result],strtolower($text));        $parts=explode(". ",$text);        for($i=0;$i<count($parts);$i++){            $parts[$i]=ucfirst($parts[$i]);        }        $text=implode(". ",$parts);    }    return $text;}?>

Ah, the last code were spoiled, here is the fixed one:<?phpfunction uc_first($str){    $str[0] = strtr($str,     "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".    "\x9C\x9A\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3".    "\xE4\xE5\xE6\xE7\xE8\xE9".    "\xEA\xEB\xEC\xED\xEE\xEF".    "\xF0\xF1\xF2\xF3\xF4\xF5".    "\xF6\xF8\xF9\xFA\xFB\xFC".    "\xFD\xFE\xFF",     "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".    "\x8C\x8A\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4".    "\xC5\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xCA\xCB".    "\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF\xD0\xD1\xD2".    "\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6\xD8\xD9\xDA".    "\xDB\xDC\xDD\xDE\x9F");    return $str;}?>So, this function changes also other letters into uppercase, ucfirst() does only change: a-z to: A-Z.

Note: the return for this function changed in versions 4.3 when a string is passed of length 0.  In <4.2 false is returned and in >4.3 a string of length 0 is returned.Example:$name = ucfirst("");var_dump($name);$name = ucfirst("owen");var_dump($name);Results for <4.2:bool(false) string(4) "Owen" Results for >4.3:string(0) "" string(4) "Owen"

In the event you sort of need multiple delimiters to apply the same action to, you can preg_replace this "second delimiter" enveloping it with your actual delimiter. A for instance, would be if you wanted to use something like Lee's FormatName function in an input box designed for their full name as this script was only designed to check the last name as if it were the entire string.  The problem is that you still want support for double-barreled names and you still want to be able to support the possibility that if the second part of the double-barreled name starts with "mc", that it will still be formatted correctly.This example does a preg_replace that surrounds the separator with your actual delimiter.  This is just a really quick alternative to writing some bigger fancier blah-blah function.  If there's a shorter, simpler way to do it, feel free to inform me.  (Emphasis on shorter and simpler because that was the whole point of this.) :DHere's the example.  I've removed Lee's comments as not to confuse them with my own.<?php   function FormatName($name=NULL)   {       if (empty($name))           return false;       $name = strtolower($name);       $name = preg_replace("[\-]", " - ",$name); // Surround hyphens with our delimiter so our strncmp is accurate       if (preg_match("/^[a-z]{2,}$/i",$name))  // Simple preg_match if statement       {                      $names_array = explode(' ',$name);  // Set the delimiter as a space.               for ($i = 0; $i < count($names_array); $i++)           {               if (strncmp($names_array[$i],'mc',2) == 0 || ereg('^[oO]\'[a-zA-Z]',$names_array[$i]))               {                   $names_array[$i][2] = strtoupper($names_array[$i][2]);               }               $names_array[$i] = ucfirst($names_array[$i]);                          }               $name = implode(' ',$names_array);           $name = preg_replace("[ \- ]", "-",$name); //  Remove the extra instances of our delimiter           return ucwords($name);                  }   }?>

Here is a handy function that makes the first letter of everything in a sentence upercase. I used it to deal with titles of events posted on my website ... I've added exceptions for uppercase words and lowercase words so roman numeral "IV" doesn't get printed as "iv" and words like "a" and "the" and "of" stay lowercase.function RemoveShouting($string){ $lower_exceptions = array(        "to" => "1", "a" => "1", "the" => "1", "of" => "1" );                                       $higher_exceptions = array(        "I" => "1", "II" => "1", "III" => "1", "IV" => "1",        "V" => "1", "VI" => "1", "VII" => "1", "VIII" => "1",        "XI" => "1", "X" => "1" ); $words = split(" ", $string); $newwords = array();   foreach ($words as $word) {        if (!$higher_exceptions[$word])                $word = strtolower($word);        if (!$lower_exceptions[$word])                $word = ucfirst($word);         array_push($newwords, $word);  }         return join(" ", $newwords);  }

Simple but workable solution:

<?php
mb_internal_encoding("UTF-8");  // before calling the function 

function utf8_ucfirst($str){ 
    preg_match_all("~^(.)(.*)$~u", $str, $arr);
    return mb_strtoupper($arr[1][0]).$arr[2][0];
    }
?>

@ zee: this should solve your !, ?, and any punctuations you want to add. It can probably be cleaned up a bit.<?phpfunction sentence_cap($impexp, $sentence_split) {    $textbad=explode($impexp, $sentence_split);    $newtext = array();    foreach ($textbad as $sentence) {        $sentencegood=ucfirst($sentence);        $newtext[] = $sentencegood;    }    $textgood = implode($impexp, $newtext);    return $textgood;}$text = "this is a sentence. this is another sentence! this is the fourth sentence? no, this is the fourth sentence.";$text = sentence_cap(". ",$text);$text = sentence_cap("! ",$text);$text = sentence_cap("? ",$text);echo $text; // This is a sentence. This is another sentence! This is the fourth sentence? No, this is the fourth sentence.?>

@adefoor, Ken and ZeeChanging the case can only be done by understanding the text. Take for example "USA", "Sunday", "March", "I am ...", abbreviations like "prob." and so on.

Some simple function for cyrillic and latin letters both:function rucfirst($str) {    if(ord(substr($str,0,1))<192) return ucfirst($str);    else    return chr(ord(substr($str,0,1))-32).substr($str,1);}

This is what you would expect php to deliver if there was a built-in function named ucsentence.function ucsentence ($string){    $string = explode ('.', $string);    $count = count ($string);    for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++){        $string[$i]  = ucfirst (trim ($string[$i]));        if ($i > 0){            $string[$i] = '&nbsp;&nbsp;' . $string[$i];        }    }    $string = implode ('.', $string);    return $string;}

here is how mb_ucfirst should be implemented in userland<?phpfunction mb_ucfirst(string $str, string $encoding = null): string{    if ($encoding === null) {        $encoding = mb_internal_encoding();    }    return mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($str, 0, 1, $encoding), $encoding) . mb_substr($str, 1, null, $encoding);}?>(when i wrote this comment, everybody else's attempt got it wrong for one reason or another, for example: some don't allow you to specify encoding, and some defaulted to utf-8 instead of defaulting to mb_internal_encoding() )